Effect of colored light regimes on the stress response and RNA/DNA ratio of juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major

We hypothesized that fish with red-sensitive retina would be stressed by red light and thus inhibited in somatic growth. Red sea bream (Pagrus major) juveniles (total length =3 cm) with red-sensitive retina were chosen to test this hypothesis. We examined the effect of different color lights (red with λmax 605 nm; green with λmax 540 nm; blue with λmax at 435 nm; and white with full spectrum) on unfed juveniles in laboratory tanks. Stress level was measured by the plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations, and nutritional status by muscle RNA/DNA ratio. Under red light, plasma cortisol and glucose, and muscle RNA/DNA were significantly higher than under green, blue, or white light. Our hypothesis was partly supported by previous findings on the effects of the color environment and spectral sensitivity of reared fishes. However, the levels of cortisol, glucose, and RNA/DNA in this study were low compared to published values. It seems that hatchery-bred juvenile red sea bream have adapted to red-rich surface light and are able to cope with the stress of living in surface floating cages which is so different from their deep-water habitats

Interactions between IL-32 and tumor necrosis factor alpha contribute to the exacerbation of immune-inflammatory diseases

IL-32 is a newly described cytokine in the human found to be an in vitro inducer of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). We examined the in vivo relationship between IL-32 and TNFα, and the pathologic role of IL-32 in the TNFα-related diseases – arthritis and colitis. We demonstrated by quantitative PCR assay that IL-32 mRNA was expressed in the lymphoid tissues, and in stimulated peripheral T cells, monocytes, and B cells. Activated T cells were important for IL-32 mRNA expression in monocytes and B cells. Interestingly, TNFα reciprocally induced IL-32 mRNA expression in T cells, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and synovial fibroblasts. Moreover, IL-32 mRNA expression was prominent in the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis patients, especially in synovial-infiltrated lymphocytes by in situ hybridization. To examine the in vivo relationship of IL-32 and TNFα, we prepared an overexpression model mouse of human IL-32β (BM-hIL-32) by bone marrow transplantation. Splenocytes of BM-hIL-32 mice showed increased expression and secretion of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 especially in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Moreover, serum TNFα concentration showed a clear increase in BM-hIL-32 mice. Cell-sorting analysis of splenocytes showed that the expression of TNFα was increased in resting F4/80(+ )macrophages, and the expression of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 was increased in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated F4/80(+ )macrophages and CD11c(+ )dendritic cells. In fact, BM-hIL-32 mice showed exacerbation of collagen-antibody-induced arthritis and trinitrobenzen sulfonic acid-induced colitis. In addition, the transfer of hIL-32β-producing CD4(+ )T cells significantly exacerbated collagen-induced arthritis, and a TNFα blockade cancelled the exacerbating effects of hIL-32β. We therefore conclude that IL-32 is closely associated with TNFα, and contributes to the exacerbation of TNFα-related inflammatory arthritis and colitis

Comparison of the physical optics code with the GOIE method and the direct solution of Maxwell equations obtained by FDTD

A comparison of the physical optics code and GOIE method to solve the problem of light scattering by hexagonal ice crystals has been presented. It was found that in the case of diffraction on a hole in the perpendicular screen, both methods give the same diffraction scattering cross section for the diffraction angles up to 60 degrees. The polarization elements of the Mueller matrix in this case differ significantly even for the angles of 15-30 degrees. It is also shown that in the case of diffraction on the tilted screen, the difference between these methods may be significant. The comparison of the results with the exact solution obtained by FDTD has confirmed that the difference between these methods is not significant for the case of diffraction on the perpendicular screen, but it is slightly preferable to use the GOIE for the calculations. The good agreement with the exact solution confirms the possibility of using the method of physical optics to solve the problem of light scattering by particles with characteristic size greater than 10 microns

呼吸器疾患のリハビリテーション.気管支喘息の病態的特徴と関連した温泉療法の効果

The number of patients with respiratory disease in the elderly has been increasing in recent years. Pathophysiological characteristic of respiratory diseases in older patients is clearly different from that in younger patients. In this study, rehabilitation for patients with respiratory disease, particularly bronchial asthma, in the elderly was discussed in relation to pathophysiology of asthma. Complex spa therapy has two kinds of actions, direct and indirect actions. Subjective and objective symptoms of patients with asthma are improved by spa therapy for 1-2 months, accompanied with improvement of ventilatory function, and decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness and respiratory resistance. In addition to these direct action of spa therapy, increase in strength of respiratory muscle, stability of autonomic nerve syetem, psychical relaxation, and inprovement of suppressed function of adrenocortical glands are observed as indirect action of spa therapy. Regarding clinical asthma type classified by pathophysiological changes of the airways, spa therapy was more effective in patients with hypersecretion and bronchiolar obstruction. These results suggest that complex spa therapy is available as rehabilitation and/or treatment for patients with respiratory disease.近年老年者の呼吸器疾患が増加しつつある｡老年者の呼吸器疾患の病態的特徴は若年者のそれとは明らかに異なっている｡本論文では,老年者の呼吸器疾患,なかでも気管支喘息に対する温泉療法を中心としたリ-ビリテ-ションについて,その病態的特徴と関連して若干の知見を述べる｡複合温泉療法は2つの作用,すなわち直接作用と間接作用を有している｡患者の自,他覚症状は1-2カ月の温泉療法により明らかに改善傾向を示すが,同時に,換気機能の改善,気道過敏性や気道抵抗の低下が観察される｡これらの温泉療法の直接作用のはか,呼吸筋の増強,自律神経系の安定化,精神的リラックス,低下した副腎皮質機能の改善,などの間接作用も観察される｡気道の病態生理的特徴より分類した喘息の臨床病型に関しては,過分泌や細気管支閉塞を伴うような病 型に対して,温泉療法は有効性が高い｡これらの結果は,複合温泉療法が呼吸器疾患の治療ないしリハビリテーションとして有用であることを示している

Clinical characteristics and visual outcomes of work-related open globe injuries in Japanese patients

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics and visual outcomes of patients with work-related open globe injuries (OGIs) and compare them with patients with non-work-related OGIs. Design: Retrospective, observational, multicentre, case-control study. Methods: A total of 374 patients with work-related OGIs and 170 patients with non-work-related OGIs who presented to hospitals that belong to the Japan-Clinical Research of Study group from 2005 to 2015 were included in this study. Clinical data including age, sex, initial and final visual acuity, type of open globe injury, lens status, zone of injury, wound length, and presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, retinal detachment, expulsive haemorrhage, and endophthalmitis were recorded. Main Outcome Measures: Visual acuity. Results Work-related OGIs were associated with younger age, male sex, better initial and final visual acuity, more laceration, smaller wounds, presence of retinal detachment, and expulsive haemorrhage, compared with non-work-related OGIs. Multiple regression analysis revealed that final visual acuity is significantly associated with initial visual acuity, wound length, and the presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in work-related OGIs. Conclusions: Work-related OGIs showed better visual outcomes than other OGIs. Initial visual acuity, wound length, and the presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy are predictors of visual outcomes in patients with work-related OGIs

気管支喘息におけるCTによる気腫性変化｡喫煙症例と非喫煙症例の比較｡

The percentage of attenuation area < -950HU (% LAA) on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was compared between 17 smoking and 24 nonsmoking patients with asthma. 1. FEV1/FVC value was lower in smoking patients (56.4%) than in nonsmoking patients (66.0%), however, the difference was not significant. 2. The percentage of LAA of the lung was larger in smoking patients compared with that in nonsmoking patients in all the three anatomic levels: the % LAA was 14.4% in nonsmoking and 20.3% in smoking patients at lower lung level (3cm above the top of the diaphragm). However, this was not significant. The maximal % LAA among the three lung levels on HRCT was 21.6±12.5% in smoking, and 15.7±11.9% in nonsmoking patients. This suggested that the maximal % LAA was larger in smoking patients, however, this was not significant. 3. The mean CT number of the lung on HRCT was smaller in smoking patients (-897.3HU) than in nonsmoking patients (-884.7HU). 4. Three of 4 nonsmoking patients whose % LAA was more than 30% had severe intractable asthma with long-term glucocorticoid therapy. The results suggest the possibility that smoking influences the % LAA of the lung on HRCT in asthma. It could be also speculated that % LAA is influenced by severity of asthma.HRCT (high resolution computed tomography)による-950HU以下の肺野のlow attenuation area(LAA)について,17例の喫煙喘息症例と24例の非喫煙喘息症例で比較検討した｡1.FEV1.0%値は,喫煙症例(56.4%)で非喫煙症例(66.0%)に比べ低い値が示されたが,両群間に有意の差は見られなかった｡2.% LAAは,肺野のいずれの高さにおいても,非喫煙症例に比べ喫煙症例で高い傾向が見られたが,有意の差ではなかった｡Maximal % LAAは,喫煙症例で21.6%,非喫煙症例15.7%であり,同様に喫煙症例で高い傾向が見られたが,有意の差は見られなかった｡3.平均CT値は,非喫煙症例(-884.7HU)に比べ,喫煙症例(-897.3HU)で低い値であった｡4.% LAAが30%以上を示 す4例の非喫煙症例のうち,3例がステロイド依存性の重症難治性喘息であった｡これらの結果より,喫煙が肺野の% LAAに影響をあたえる可能性もあるものの,疾患の重症度がより影響が強い可能性が示唆された

気管支喘息におけるアレルギー性鼻炎と花粉抗原に対するIgE抗体

IgE antibodies against inhalant allergens were estimated in 53 patients with bronchial asthma in relation to allergic rhinitis. Of them, 20 patients (37.7%) had allergic rhinitis. 1. Asthma + allergic rhinitis were often observed in patients between the ages of 0 and 39. In contrast, asthma alone in those over age 60. 2. A RAST score was positive in house dust mite (HDm)(50.9%), cockroach(24.5%), and Candida (26.4%) in these patients, and the positive rate was not different between patients with and without allergic rhinitis. 3. The frequency of positive RAST against Japanese cedar and rice plants was higher in patients with allergic rhinitis (42.9% and 18.5%) than in those without allergic rhinitis (28.6 and 3.7%), however, the each positive rate or RAST against the two allergens was not significantly different between those with AR and without AR. 4. The number of patients with AR induced by pollen alone (pollinosis) was not large ( 5/53, 9.4%) in the patients with asthma. It was clarified from the results that allergic rhinitis was often observed in asthma patients, but not pollinosis. and that IgE antibodies against Japanese cedar and rice plants were found even in patients without AR.気管支喘息53例を対象に,吸入抗原に対するIgE抗体とアレルギー性鼻炎の合併の有無との関連について若干の検討を加えた｡対象53例中20例(37.7%)にアレルギー性鼻炎の合併が見られた｡ 1.喘息+アレルギー性鼻炎の合併は,0-39才の年齢層で最も多い傾向であったが,一方,喘息単独は60才以上の症例に多く見られた｡2,IgE抗体の陽性率は,それぞれHDm50.9%,ごきぶり 24.5%,カンジダ26.4%であった｡これら抗原のRAST陽性率は,アレルギー性鼻炎合併例と非合併例の問に有意の差は見られなかった｡3.スギおよびイネ科の花粉に対するRAST陽性率はアレルギー性鼻炎合併例で(スギ42.9%,イネ科18.5%),非合併例に比べ(28.6%と3.7%)高い傾向が見られたが,両群間に有意の差は見られなかった｡4.花粉抗原によるアレルギー性鼻炎(花粉症)の頻度は9.4% (53例中5列)とあまり高くはなかった｡以上の結果より,気管支喘息患者でしばしばアレルギー性鼻炎の合併が見られること,(しかし, 花粉症は少ない),そして,スギおよびイネ科の花粉に対するIgE抗体は,アレルギー性鼻炎の合併のない症例においても観察されること,などが明らかにされた

気管支喘息症例における臨床的特徴と鼻腔･副鼻腔のCT所見の関連について

Extent of nasal and maxillary mucosa lesion was estimated in 26 asthmatics using computed tomographic scan in relation to clinical features of the disease. 1. No significant differences were present in nasal mucosal thickening between atopic and non-atopic subjects. No significant differences were also present in occupancy rate of mucosa in maxillary sinuses between the two asthma types. 2. Nasal mucosal thickening was not significant different between subjects with steroid-dependent intractable asthma (SDIA) and those without SDIA. Maxillary mucosal lesions were more extensive in subjects with SDIA than in those without SOIA. However, no significant differences were observed in occupancy rate between the two types. 3. No significant differences were observed in nasal mucosal thickenings between in subjects with and without aspirin-induced asthma (AlA). Although maxillary mucosa lesion in subjects with AlA was more extensive than that in those without AlA, the differences was not significant. 4. There was not any correlation between nasal mucosal thickening and amount of expectoration per day. However, significant differences were observed in maxillary sinus lesion between subjects with less amount (<50mℓ/day) and those with large amount of expectoration (100mℓ/day≦)(p<0.002), and between subjects with moderate amount (50-99mℓ/ day) and those with large amount of expectoration (p<0.002). The results might suggest that in asthmatics with large amount of expectoration, sinus diseases affect pathophysiology of asthma, and asthmatics with large amount of expectoration should have therapy for sinus disease to improve asthmatic status.気管支喘息26症例において喘息の臨床的特徴と,鼻腔･上顎洞のCT所見の関連について検討を加えた｡1.鼻腔粘膜肥厚はアトピー症例,非アトピー症例間で有意な差は認められなかった｡上顎洞における粘膜肥厚比率(1slice上の上顎洞面積に対し,上顎洞粘膜が占める割合)も,アトピー･非アトピーで差は認められなかった｡2.ステロイド依存群･非依存群においても,鼻腔粘膜肥厚･上顎洞粘膜肥厚に有意な差は認められなかった｡3.アスピリン喘息症例においては,非アスピリン喘息症例に比べ,上顎洞粘膜肥厚が顕著であっ たが有意ではなかった｡鼻腔粘膜肥厚は2群間で差は認められなかった｡4.発作時の一日喀痰量との関連では一日喀痰量が100mℓ以上の症例群では,喀痰量が50mℓ以下の群･50-100mℓの群に比較して有意に上顎洞粘膜肥厚比率が高値を示した｡鼻腔粘膜比率に関しては3群間で有意な差を認めなかった｡以上の結果から,喀痰量の多い気管支喘息症例では,その病態に副鼻腔病変が影響を及ぼしている可能性が考えられ,副鼻腔病変に対する治療により,気管支喘息が改善する可能性が考えられた