4 research outputs found
An Analysis of Benefit and Cost of Local Chicken Production By the Adopters and on– Adopters of ewcastle Disease Vaccination in Kogi – State, Nigeria
Newcastle disease (ND) has high seroprevalence rate and inflicts heavy economic losses on poultry as often the case in rural poultry production. This study examined the socialeconomic characteristics of the respondents and the benefit/ cost analysis of rural chicken farmers in two local council areas of Kogi State of igeria which were selected by purposive sampling and 122 respondents were administered structured questionnaires. They comprised 61 farmers’ tagged adopters of immunization against ND by vaccinations and 61 non-adopters. Educational status and farming experience were found to influence adoption of ND vaccination as immunization against ewcastle disease which in turn had positive and significant (P<0.05) influence on the income of rural chicken farmers in Lokoja and Dekina Local Government Areas selected for the study. Flock size of the vaccinated chickens also significantly (P<0.01) influenced income generation. The cost benefit ratio of the adopters was 2.42:1 as against 1.11:1 of non adopters. Cost of transportation for pooling birds to a centre for vaccination was responsible for 9.5% of total variable cost. It is recommended that extension agents should intensify effort to educate farmers on the incremental benefit of vaccination against the disease and that government should organize the rural chicken farmers into co-operative for visitation by veterinary extension specialist to reduce cost of immunization, encourage job creation for an improved rural economy.Key words: Benefit/Cost, Adopters, on-Adopters, ewcastle Disease, Immunizatio
Adoption and failure rates of vaccinations for disease prevention in chicken farms in Jos, Nigeria
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A pilot external quality assurance study of transfusion screening for HIV, HCV and HBsAG in 12 African countries
Background and Objectives: Serologic screening for the major transfusion transmissible viruses (TTV) is critical to blood safety and has been widely implemented. However, actual performance as measured by proficiency testing has not been well studied in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, we conducted an external quality assessment of laboratories engaged in transfusion screening in the region. Materials and Methods: Blinded test panels, each comprising 25 serum samples that were pedigreed for HIV, HBsAg, HCV and negative status, were sent to participating laboratories. The panels were tested using the laboratories' routine donor screening methods and conditions. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated, and multivariable analysis was used to compare performance against mode of testing, country and infrastructure. Results: A total of 12 African countries and 44 laboratories participated in the study. The mean (range) sensitivities for HIV, HBsAg and HCV were 91·9% (14·3-100), 86·7% (42·9-100) and 90·1% (50-100), respectively. Mean specificities for HIV, HBsAg and HCV were 97·7%, 97% and 99·5%, respectively. After adjusting for country and infrastructure, rapid tests had significantly lower sensitivity than enzyme immunoassays for both HBsAg (P < 0·0001) and HCV (P < 0·05). Sensitivity also varied by country and selected infrastructure variables. Conclusion: While specificity was high, sensitivity was more variable and deficient in a substantial number of testing laboratories. These findings underscore the importance of proficiency testing and quality control, particularly in Africa where TTV prevalence is high
Recommended from our members
A pilot external quality assurance study of transfusion screening for HIV, HCV and HBsAG in 12 African countries
Background and Objectives: Serologic screening for the major transfusion transmissible viruses (TTV) is critical to blood safety and has been widely implemented. However, actual performance as measured by proficiency testing has not been well studied in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, we conducted an external quality assessment of laboratories engaged in transfusion screening in the region. Materials and Methods: Blinded test panels, each comprising 25 serum samples that were pedigreed for HIV, HBsAg, HCV and negative status, were sent to participating laboratories. The panels were tested using the laboratories' routine donor screening methods and conditions. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated, and multivariable analysis was used to compare performance against mode of testing, country and infrastructure. Results: A total of 12 African countries and 44 laboratories participated in the study. The mean (range) sensitivities for HIV, HBsAg and HCV were 91·9% (14·3-100), 86·7% (42·9-100) and 90·1% (50-100), respectively. Mean specificities for HIV, HBsAg and HCV were 97·7%, 97% and 99·5%, respectively. After adjusting for country and infrastructure, rapid tests had significantly lower sensitivity than enzyme immunoassays for both HBsAg (P < 0·0001) and HCV (P < 0·05). Sensitivity also varied by country and selected infrastructure variables. Conclusion: While specificity was high, sensitivity was more variable and deficient in a substantial number of testing laboratories. These findings underscore the importance of proficiency testing and quality control, particularly in Africa where TTV prevalence is high