幼稚園教育要領改訂に伴う保育内容領域「表現」に求められる授業内容に関する考察 : 新しい教職課程のモデルカリキュラムとの比較を通して

「幼稚園教育要領」，「保育所保育指針」，「幼保連携型認定こども園教育・保育要領」が2017年3月31日に改訂された．今回の改訂は，2016年12月の中央教育審議会（以下中教審）の答申を踏まえ，幼稚園教育において育みたい資質・能力を明確化する事と，「幼児期の終わりまでに育って欲しい姿」を明確にし，小学校教育との円滑な連携を図ることを基本的なねらいとして行われている．幼児教育において育みたい資質・能力として，「知識及び技能の基礎」，「思考力・判断力・表現力等の基礎」，「学びに向かう力，人間性等」の三つが示された．養成校においても，この改訂の趣旨に基づき，教員養成段階においても2018年3月の教職課程再過程認定に対応すべくカリキュラムの改正が求められている．現在筆者らが担当している領域「表現」の科目について，今回の改訂に伴い必要とされている内容と現行の授業内容を精査し，カリキュラムに反映させるべき点や幼稚園教諭に求められる資質能力は何かについて考察をおこなった．その結果，生きる力を育み，あらゆる教科の基礎を作る領域「表現」の科目の教育的効果と身体表現，音楽表現，造形表現が連携して教育を行う必要性や，他領域との連携の重要性を再認識することが出来た．また，保育者自らが表現へ向かう力や意欲を高め，自らが表現者となり子どもと共に表現を楽しむことが，子どもの表現をより豊かで自由なものに導くことが期待でき，それに対応すべきカリキュラム改善点の方向性が明らかになった

幼稚園教育要領等改訂に伴う保育内容領域「言葉」に求められる授業内容に関する一考察 : 領域「言葉」の授業内容を「表現する言葉」の視点から考える

本研究は，平成29年の幼稚園教育要領，保育所保育指針，幼保連携型認定こども園教育・保育要領の3法令改訂に伴い，保育内容領域「言葉」の授業内容を，「表現」の音楽表現の授業内容と呼応する形で設定できる部分について検討することを目的とする．言葉は一般的に「聞く」「話す」の順序で発達していくが，領域「言葉」の授業内容を「表現する言葉」の視点から考えると，ただ聞くのではなく，子どもがより多く深く聞くことができるような遊びを子どもの環境にちりばめられる保育者の育成ができることを一つの目標として考えることができる．聞くことから話すことへ繋がり，聴くことから歌うことへと繋がるという点で，言葉と音楽表現の一般的な発達の共通項があり，この部分を授業内容に取り込むことができる．具体的に「生活の歌」は，領域「言葉」と音楽表現の橋渡しを日常的に行うことができるものの一つであると筆者は考える

Preparation and Redox Studies of α₁- and α₂‑Isomers of Mono-Ru-Substituted Dawson-type Phosphotungstates with a DMSO Ligand: [α₁/α₂‑P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^II(DMSO)]^8–

Both α₁- and α₂-isomers of mono-Ru-substituted Dawson-type heteropolytungstates with a DMSO ligand, [α₁-P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^II(DMSO)]^8– and [α₂-P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^II(DMSO)]^8–, are prepared from the α₂-isomer of a monolacunary derivative, [α₂-P₂W₁₇O₆₁]^10–. Reaction of [α₂-P₂W₁₇O₆₁]^10– with Ru­(DMSO)₄Cl₂ under hydrothermal conditions produces [α₂-P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^II(DMSO)]^8– as a main product together with [α₁-P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^II(DMSO)]^8–, [PW₁₁O₃₉Ru^II(DMSO)]^5–, and [P₂W₁₈O₆₂]^6– as byproducts. By addition of KCl to the reaction mixture, K₈[α₂-P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^II(DMSO)] is isolated in a moderate yield. On the other hand, reaction of [α₂-P₂W₁₇O₆₁]^10– with Ru₂(benzene)₂Cl₄ under hydrothermal conditions produces an isomeric mixture of [P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^III(H₂O)]^7– (α₁-isomer/α₂-isomer ratio: ca. 8/1) as a main product together with [PW₁₁O₃₉Ru^III(H₂O)]^4– and [P₂W₁₈O₆₂]^6– as byproducts. By addition of acetone to the reaction mixture, K₇[P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^III(H₂O)] is isolated in a good yield. Reaction of [P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^III(H₂O)]^7– with DMSO produces [α₁-P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^III(DMSO)]^7– as a main product and [α₂-P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^III(DMSO)]^7– as a minor product. By addition of KCl and acetone, the α₁-isomer K₈[α₁-P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^II(DMSO)] is isolated in a good yield. Both compounds are fully analyzed by CV, NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P, and ¹⁸³W), IR, UV–vis, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy, and single-crystal structure analysis. Assuming that isomerization does not occur during the reaction of [P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^III(H₂O)]^7– with DMSO, the isolated [P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^III(H₂O)]^7– contains the α₁-isomer as a main compound with the α₂-isomer as a minor compound. Unusual transformation of the α₂-isomer of [P₂W₁₇O₆₁]^10– to the α₁-isomer occurs. Redox behaviors of [α₁-P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^II(DMSO)]^8– and [α₂-P₂W₁₇O₆₁Ru^II(DMSO)]^8– are compared together with Ru­(DMSO)-substituted α-Keggin-type heteropolytungstates, [α-XW₁₁O₃₉Ru­(DMSO)]^<i>n</i>− (X = Si, Ge, and P)

MITIGATING GROUP DISCUSSIONS IN DESIGN ACTIVITIES FOR JAPANESE HIGH STUDENTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors that affect effective group discussions when using online whiteboard during face-to-face design activities for high school students in the classroom during the pandemic. Using a case study approach, the research was conducted at Fukusho High School in Fukuoka, Japan. Through the questionnaire survey, face-to-face discussions when combined with the use of online whiteboard, offers real-time verbal and non-verbal feedback that enabled effective group discussions during the design process. In addition, students’ competencies in using digital devices may not influence the effectiveness of communications during group discussions and their motivations in using online whiteboard. The current findings may provide a useful hypothesis for further study to verify the correlations between students’ competencies, effectiveness in communications when using online whiteboard during face-to-face discussions, and students’ motivations in using online whiteboard.The published version is available from the link in "Related DOI"「関連DOI」より出版版閲覧可

Concentrated protein body product derived from rice endosperm as an oral tolerogen for allergen-specific immunotherapy--a new mucosal vaccine formulation against Japanese cedar pollen allergy.

The endoplasmic reticulum-derived type-I protein body (PB-I) from rice endosperm cells is an ideal candidate formulation for the oral delivery of bioencapsulated peptides as tolerogens for allergen-specific immunotherapy. In the present study, PBs containing the deconstructed Japanese cedar pollen allergens Cryptomeria japonica 1 (Cry j 1) and Cry j 2 were concentrated by treatment with thermostable α-amylase at 90°C to remove the starch from milled rice powder, which resulted in a 12.5-fold reduction of dry weight compared to the starting material. The modified Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 antigens in this concentrated PB product were more resistant to enzymatic digestion than those in the milled seed powder despite the absence of intact cell wall and starch, and remained stable for at least 10 months at room temperature without detectable loss or degradation. The high resistance of these allergens could be attributed to changes in protein physicochemical properties induced by the high temperature concentration process, as suggested by the decreased solubility of the antigens and seed proteins in PBs in step-wise-extraction experiments. Confocal microscopy showed that the morphology of antigen-containing PB-Is was preserved in the concentrated PB product. The concentrated PB product induced specific immune tolerance against Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 in mice when orally administered, supporting its potential use as a novel oral tolerogen formulation

短期間のうちにコルチゾールの自律的分泌能が明確となった副腎偶発腫瘍の一例

A 57-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for the further evaluation of a left adrenal incidentaloma measuring 45 mm x 33 mm. She had no signs of the clinical manifestation of hypercortisolism. An endocrine evaluation revealed that her ACTH level was normal and cortisol values were almost normal pattern excluding the value at 9 PM slightly rising, however, the cortisol was not completely suppressed by the overnight administration of 1 mg dexamethasone. These findings indicated that subtle abnormalities of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis were present in this case. After 3 months, surprisingly, the ACTH was suppressed to low levels. Further hormonal investigations revealed that the cortisol level was normal but had an abnormal diurnal rhythm and was not suppressed completely by a 1 mg or an 8 mg overnight dexamethasone dose. Adrenal scintigraphy revealed positive uptake in the left adrenal tumor with no uptake in the right adrenal gland. The patient underwent a left laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Microscopically, the tumor displayed histopathological features in common with ACTH-independent macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia , including clear cell predominance, a pattern of small compact nests in clear cell areas, and a cord-like arrangement of small compact cells. An in situ hybridization study demonstrated the hybridization signals for P-450scc, 3β-HSD, P-450c21, P-45011β, and P-45017αwhich were observed in the clear cells as well as compact cells, the compact cells being more intensely stained. This case indicates the ability of autonomous cortisol production to become clear during a very short term and a more detailed and careful short-time follow-up should be recommended in patients with adrenal incidentalomas.症例は57 歳，女性．45 ｍｍｘ 33 ｍｍの左副腎偶発腫瘍の精査目的で当科に入院となった．高コルチゾール血症による身体所見は認めず，内分泌学的検査では，コルチゾールの夜間９時の値が軽度上昇している以外は，ACTH，コルチゾール値ともほぼ正常で日内リズムも保たれていた．しかしデキサメサゾン1mg 抑制試験ではコルチゾールは完全には抑制されなかった．よってわずかな間脳下垂体副腎系の異常が示唆され，腫瘍径も4cm を超えており摘出も検討したが，患者さんは保存的経過観察を希望され手術は施行しなかった．ところが３ケ月後の血液検査でACTH 値は感度以下の低値で，コルチゾール基礎値は正常であるが，デキサメサゾン1mgまたは8mg 抑制試験でコルチゾールは完全に抑制されなかった．アドステロール副腎シンチグラフィー検査では左副腎腫瘍に高集積を認め，右副腎には集積を認めなかった．そこで今回患者さんの同意を得て腹腔鏡下で左副腎摘出術を施行した．摘出副腎腫瘍は光顕像ではACTH-independent macronodularadrenocortical hyperplasia (AIMAH)の組織像であり，in situ hybridization studyではcompact cellにより強いP-450scc, 3β-HSD，P-450c21，P-45011βそしてP-45017αのシグナルが認めた．本症例は短期間のうちにコルチゾールの自律的分泌能が明確となった副腎偶発腫瘍の一例であり，より注意深い，詳細な，短期間のうちの内分泌学的経過観察が副腎偶発腫瘍に対して必要であることが示唆された