19,850 research outputs found
Using a cognitive prosthesis to assist foodservice managerial decision-making
The artificial intelligence community has been notably unsuccessful in producing intelligent agents that think for themselves. However, there is an obvious need for increased information processing power in real life situations. An example of this can be witnessed in the training of a foodservice manager, who is expected to solve a wide variety of complex problems on a daily basis. This article explores the possibility of creating an intelligence aid, rather than an intelligence agent, to assist novice foodservice managers in making decisions that are congruent with a subject matter expert\u27s decision schema
Options of public income support for the unemployed in the Philippines and social protection
How can the income support for the unemployed Filipino workers be improved? The study analyzes both arguments in favor of, and against each of the following programs: unemployment insurance, unemployment assistance, severance pay, unemployment insurance savings accounts, public works, and self-employment programs. In doing so, it addresses the following questions: How does a candidate program interact with other labor market institutions? Does the program respond to a country's income shocks such as recessions, and natural disasters? Does the country have sufficient administrative capacity to carry out a program? Does the program fit into existing formal, and informal mechanisms of social risk management? Is there a risk of disrupting, or displacing existing mechanisms, such as transfers between family members? Is the program attuned to the prevailing norms, and culture? The study concludes that all programs have certain advantages, and disadvantages - an argument for the multiplicity of programs and flexibility of their use. Nonetheless, to enhance income protection, the paper proposes a two-prong approach: a) the expansion of public works, and b) the introduction of a new program - individual savings accounts, i.e., either as unemployment insurance savings accounts, or comprehensive savings accounts covering contingencies such as education, health, housing, and old age.Environmental Economics&Policies,Services&Transfers to Poor,Safety Nets and Transfers,Rural Poverty Reduction,Health Economics&Finance
Curvature Dependent Diffusion Flow on Surface with Thickness
Particle diffusion in a two dimensional curved surface embedded in is
considered. In addition to the usual diffusion flow, we find a new flow with an
explicit curvature dependence. New diffusion equation is obtained in
(thickness of surface) expansion. As an example, the surface of elliptic
cylinder is considered, and curvature dependent diffusion coefficient is
calculated.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, Late
Description of two new actinosporean types from a brook of Fuji Mountain, Honshu, and from Chitose River, Hokkaido, Japan
Actinospore infection of oligochaetes living in the mud of 3 freshwater biotopes in Japan was studied. Using the cell-well plate method, a new aurantiactinomyxon type was found in 0.77 % of the examined Tubifex tubifex oligochaete specimens from a brook near Yamanashi Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station on Fuji Mountain. In 0.14 % of Lumbriculus variagetus collected from Chitose River, near Chitose Salmon Hatchery, a new siedleckiella type was found, while at the same time 8.1 % of the Lumbriculus spp. oligochaetes released triactinomyxons of Myxobolus arcticus. Of the examined Rhyacodrilus komarovi oligochaetes collected from the Mena River system, Hokkaido, 0.2, 0.6, 0.5 and 0.8% were infected with echinactinomyxon, neoactinomyxum and 2 types of triactinomyxon spores, respectively, and described in our previous paper. The oligochaetes released actinospores for several weeks. Actinospore infection showed high intensity in positive oligochaetes in the case of all the actinosporean types. Two of the actinospore types (aurantiactinomyxon and siedleckiella) presented here have not been previously described
Equivalence between Schwinger and Dirac schemes of quantization
This paper introduces the modified version of Schwinger's quantization
method, in which the information on constraints and the choice of gauge
conditions are included implicitly in the choice of variations used in
quantization scheme. A proof of equivalence between Schwinger- and
Dirac-methods for constraint systems is given.Comment: 12pages, No figures, Latex, The proof is improved and one reference
is adde
Chiral Sigma Model with Pion Mean Field in Finite Nuclei
The properties of infinite matter and finite nuclei are studied by using the
chiral sigma model in the framework of the relativistic mean field theory. We
reconstruct an extended chiral sigma model in which the omega meson mass is
generated dynamically by the sigma condensation in the vacuum in the same way
as the nucleon mass. All the parameters of chiral sigma model are essentially
fixed from the hadron properties in the free space. In nuclear matter, the
saturation property comes out right, but the incompressibility is too large and
the scalar and vector potentials are about a half of the phenomenological ones,
respectively. This fact is reflected to the properties of finite nuclei. We
calculate N = Z even-even mass nuclei between N = 16 and N = 34. The extended
chiral sigma model without the pion mean field leads to the result that the
magic number appears at N = 18 instead of N = 20 and the magic number does not
appear at N = 28 due to the above mentioned nuclear matter properties. The
latter problem, however, could be removed by the introduction of the finite
pion mean field with the appearance of the magic number at N = 28. We find that
the energy differences between the spin-orbit partners are reproduced by the
finite pion mean field which is completely a different mechanism from the
standard spin-orbit interaction.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures. Prog. Theor. Phys. to be publishe
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