46 research outputs found
HIV-positive parents, HIV-positive children, and HIV-negative childrenâs perspectives on disclosure of a parentâs and childâs illness in Kenya
HIV disclosure from parent to child is complex and challenging to HIV-positive parents and healthcare professionals. The purpose of the study was to understand the lived experiences of HIV-positive parents and their children during the disclosure process in Kenya. Sixteen HIV-positive parents, seven HIV-positive children, and five HIV-negative children completed semistructured, in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using the Van Kaam method; NVivo 8 software was used to assist data analysis. We present data on the process of disclosure based on how participants recommended full disclosure be approached to HIV-positive and negative children. Participants recommended disclosure as a process starting at five years with full disclosure delivered at 10 years when the child was capable of understanding the illness, or by 14 years when the child was mature enough to receive the news if full disclosure had not been conducted earlier. Important considerations at the time of full disclosure included the parentâs and/or childâs health statuses, number of infected family membersâ illnesses to be disclosed to the child, childâs maturity and understanding level, and the person best suited to deliver full disclosure to the child. The results also revealed it was important to address important life events such as taking a national school examination during disclosure planning and delivery. Recommendations are made for inclusion into HIV disclosure guidelines, manuals, and programs in resource-poor nations with high HIV prevalence
The Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Tinos, Greece: Cold NE Subduction and SW Directed Extrusion of the Cycladic Continental Margin Under the Tsiknias Ophiolite
High pressureâlow temperature (HPâLT) metamorphic rocks structurally beneath the Tsiknias Ophiolite make up the interior of Tinos Island, Greece, but their relationship with the overlying ophiolite is poorly understood. Here, new field observations are integrated with petrological modeling of eclogite and blueschists to provide new insight into their tectonothermal evolution. Pseudomorphed lawsoniteâ, garnetâ, and glaucophaneâbearing schists exposed at the highest structural levels of Tinos (Kionnia and Pyrgos Subunits) reached ~22â26 kbar and 490â520°C under waterâsaturated conditions, whereas pseudomorphed lawsoniteâ and aegirineâomphacite bearing eclogite reached ~20â23 kbar and 530â570°C. These rocks are separated from rocks at deeper structural levels (Sostis Subunit) by a topâtoâSW thrust. The Sostis Subunit records PâT conditions of ~18.5 kbar and 480â510°C and is overprinted by pervasive topâtoâNE shearing that developed during exhumation from (M1) blueschist to (M2) greenschist facies conditions of ~7.3 ± 0.7 kbar and 536 ± 16°C. These PâTâD relationships suggest that the Cycladic Blueschist Unit represents a discrete series of tectonometamorphic subunits that each experienced different tectonic and thermal histories. These subunits were buried to variable depths and sequentially extruded toward the SW from a NE dipping subduction zone. The difference in age and PâT conditions between the HPâLT rocks and the overlying metamorphic sole of the Tsiknias Ophiolite suggests that this NE dipping subduction zone was active between circa 74 and 46 Ma and cooled at a minimum rate of ~1.2â1.5°C/km/Myr prior to continentâcontinent collision between Eurasia and Adria/Cyclades