Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbial Quality of an Oil Polluted Site in Gokana, Rivers State.

Samples were collected from the soil surface area, the water surface, sub-surface sediment sand, sand from the river shore, Dead Sea food and dead mangrove vegetation leaves. Test results indicated that the Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB) values ranged from (9.0 ~ 103 . 2.6 ~ 106) cfu/ml with the sample from the water surface having the highest value (2.6 ~ 106) cfu/ml and the least with the sample from the sub-surface (9.0 ~103) cfu/g. The Total coliforms values ranged from (6.9 ~ 103 . 2.3 ~ 106) cfu/100g with sample from the dead vegetation leaves having the highest value (2.3 ~ 106) cfu/100g and the least value from the sample from mangrove substrate(6.9 ~ 103) cfu/100g. Among the physico-chemical parameters tested, TDS, lead, copper, chromium, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, nickel and arsenic were within acceptable limits as specified by regulatory agents. However, electrical conductivity, oil and grease, and iron were very high and above specified limits. The pH values ranged from 3.90 .8.15 with the sample from the mangrove substrate having the highest value (8.15) and the lowest value was from the sample from the crude on water surface (3.90). The electrical conductivity values ranged from (1275 . 3565) ƒÊS/cm with sample from crude band on soil surface having the highest value (3565)ƒÊS/cm and the lowest value from thesample from the sub-surface sediment sand (1275) ƒÊS/cm. The oil and grease values ranged from (620 . 32040) mg/kg with sample from soil surface having the highest value (32040) mg/kg and the lowest value from the river shore sand (620) mg/kg. The high level of oil and grease contamination poses a concern. This therefore, validates theconcern that releases of large quantities of oil to aquatic and terrestrial environments present a long term threat to all forms of lif

Evaluation of the Effect of Short-Term Cadmium Exposure on Brackish Water Shrimp-Palaemonetes africanus

This study evaluated the effect of short-term cadmium exposure on brackish water shrimp-Palaemonetes africanus. Tests were carried out by exposing the shrimps to the test solutions containing variousconcentrations of the cadmium (0, 0.1, 1.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 100.0) mg/l using the semi-static agitation test procedure. Mortality was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 hours exposure periods. Test results indicated that the brackish water juvenile shrimp, Palaemonetes africanus were sensitive to the cadmium solution especially at concentration above 4.0mg/l. Though no death was recorded after 16hrs for 0.1mg/l, 1.0mg/l and 4.0mg/l respectively, however, for 6mg/l, 60% mortality was recorded after 4hrs and 100% after 8hrs, for 8mg/l, 20% mortality was recorded after 2hrs, 60% after 4hrs, 80% after 6hrs and 100% mortality after 8hrs respectively, for10mg/l, 40% mortality was recorded after 2hrs and 100% after 4hrs and 100% mortality was recorded for 100mg/l after 2hrs. The LC50 value calculated using Arithmetic Method of Karber was 5.0mg/l. It is therefore evident that the effects of acute toxicity of cadmium are concentration-related; the greater the concentration, the greater the effect

Determination of Selected Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in a Drilling Cutting Dump Site at Ezeogwu–Owaza, Nigeria.

The work was undertaken to determine some selected physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in a drilling cutting dump site. Test results indicated that some of the heavy metals like copper, iron andcalcium showed a high level of contamination in most of the plots under the study area. Iron had a value as high as 880mg/kg, copper 84mg/kg and calcium 12560mg/kg. These values were above target values as specified by the regulatory body, Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR). Moreover, the oil and grease indicated a high level of contamination, with a concentration of up to 840mg/kg in one of the plots. This was evident in lack of plant growth noticed in the study area as a result of depletion of NPK values below specified value by USDA Standards for plantgrowth. The high level of contamination of some of the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals as seen in this project underscores the need for due diligence in managing drilling cutting discharges from drilling  activitie

Investigation of thermal filamentation instability over Gakona, Alaska

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 43).The thermal filamentation instability has been invoked to explain the formation of parallel plate waveguides in mid-latitude ionospheric plasmas during Arecibo, Puerto Rico heating experiments in 1997. The geometry of the kilometer-scale parallel plates predicted by thermal filamentation depends on the mode of the transmitted heater wave, as does the threshold to excite this instability. While plasma heating can excite small-scale irregularities via parametric instabilities, thermal filamentation is thought to produce large-scale irregularities. In Arecibo, the threshold for X-mode to induce irregularities was found to be greater than 1 V/m, while for O-mode it was on the order of mV/m. In recent plasma experiments in high-latitude ionospheric plasmas, carried out at the HAARP facility in Gakona, Alaska in summer 2005, spring 2006, and summer 2006, a weakening in ionogram traces was observed during O-mode and X-mode heating, leading to a scenario detailing the effects of thermal filamentation and short-scale irregularities caused by heating. The Gakona experiments using a high power HF heating facility and multiple diagnostic instruments shed light on the important role of the thermal filamentation instability in generating electromagnetic wave-induced plasma turbulence with a broad spectrum of wavelengths, ranging from meter to kilometer scales.by Joel Cohen.S.B

Benefits of Alaska Native Corporations and the SBA 8(a) Program to Alaska Natives and Alaska

Senator Begich’s office asked ISER for assistance assembling information to document the social and economic status of Alaska Natives and the benefits of the 8(a) program. His purpose is to brief Missouri Senator McCaskill and her committee which is reviewing the status of ANC contracts awarded under SBA’s 8(a) program. This review was triggered by a 2006 GAO report recommending increased SBA oversight to 8(a) contracting activity. Highlights of the GAO report are provided in Tab A.1; a letter dated May 15, 2009, from Senators Begich and Murkowski to Sentaor McCaskill, outlining their concerns is provided in Tab A.2. As the Congressional Research Service report (Tab A.3) explains, the Small Business Administration’s 8(a) program targeting socially and economically disadvantaged individuals was operating under executive authority from about 1970, and under statutory authority starting in 1978. A series of amendments from 1986 to 1992 recognized Alaska Native Corporations (ANCs) as socially and economically disadvantaged for purposes of program eligibility, exempted them from limitations on the number of qualifying subsidiaries, from some restrictions on size and minimum time in business, and from the ceiling on amounts for sole-source contracts. Between 1988 and 2005, the number of 8(a) qualified ANC subsidiaries grew from one to 154 subsidiaries owned by 49 ANCs. The dollar amount of 8(a) contracts to ANCs grew from $265 million in FY 2000 to$1.1 billion in 2004, approximately 80 percent of which was in sole-source contracts. (GAO Highlights, Tab A.1) The remainder of this briefing book is divided in three sections. Section 2 addresses changes in the social and economic status of Alaska Natives from 1970--the year before the enactment of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act and the subsequent creation of the ANCs--to the present. ISER’s report on the “Status of Alaska Natives 2004” (Tab B.1) finds that despite really significant improvements in social and economic conditions among Alaska Natives, they still lag well behind other Alaskans in employment, income, education, health status and living conditions. A collection of more recent analyses updates the social and economic indicators to 2008. There were many concurrent changes throughout this dynamic period of Alaska’s history and we cannot attribute all the improvements to the ANCs, though it is clear that they play an important catalyst role. In the final part of section 2 we attempt to provide some historical context for understanding the role ANCs have played in improving the well-being of Alaska Natives. Section C. documents the growth in ANCs and their contributions to Alaska Native employment, income, social and cultural programs and wellbeing, and their major contributions to the Alaska economy and society overall. Section D. Looks specifically at the 8(a) program. Although there are a handful of 8(a) firms with large federal contracts, the majority are small, village-based corporations engaged in enterprise development in very challenging conditions. A collection of six case studies illustrate the barriers to business development these small firms face and the critical leverage that 8(a) contracting offers them.Mark BegichIntroduction / Status of Alaska Natives 1970 to 2000 / Benefits from Alaska Native Corporations / Benefits from the 8(a) progra

Determination of Some Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Sewage Samples from Domestic, House-boat and Off-shore Facilities Discharge Point.

Test was conducted to determine some physico- chemical and microbiological parameters from samples of sewage effluent collected from domestic, house-boat, and offshore facilities respectively at the discharge point to the recipient environment. Among the parameters determined included: Total chlorine, Biological Oxygen demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and faecal coliform. Test results indicated that the total chlorine had values which ranged from

1 Corinthians and Work

Introduction to 1 Corinthians All are called (1 Cor 1:1-3) Spiritual Resources Available (1 Cor 1:4-9) The Need for a Common Vision (1 Cor 1:10-17) Friends in Low Places (1 Cor 1:18-31) It Takes All Sorts (1 Cor 3:1-9) Do Good Work (1 Cor 3:10-17) Leadership as Service (1 Cor 4:1-4) Working with Nonbelievers (1 Cor 5:9-10) Bloom Where You are Planted (1 Cor 7:20-24) Maintain the Proper Perspective (1 Cor 7:29-31) Everyone Gets Their Fair Share (1 Cor 9:7-10) God\u27s Glory is the Ultimate Goal (1 Cor 8 & 10) Gifted Communities (1 Cor 12:1-14:40) Our Work is Not in Vain (1 Cor 15:58) We Share Our Resources with Those in Hardship (1 Cor 16:1-3) Summary to 1 Corinthians Key Verses and Themes in 1 Corinthian

2 Corinthians and Work

Introduction to 2 Corinthians Thank God for Relationships (2 Corinthians 1:1-11) Transparency (2 Corinthians 1:12-23) Working for the Joy of Others (2 Corinthians 1:24) The Priority of Relationships (2 Corinthians 2:12-16) Sincerity (2 Corinthians 2:17) A Genuine Reputation (2 Corinthians 3) Leading and Serving (2 Corinthians 4) Performance and Accountability (2 Corinthians 5:1-15) Reconciling the Whole World (2 Corinthians 5:16-21) Transparency Revisited (2 Corinthians 6:11) Working with Nonbelievers (2 Corinthians 6:14-18) The Encouragement of Praise (2 Corinthians 7) Generosity Is Not Optional (2 Corinthians 8:1-9) Timely Fulfillment of Obligations (2 Corinthians 8:10-12) Sharing the Wealth (2 Corinthians 8:13-15) You Can\u27t Out-Give God (2 Corinthians 9) Assessing Performance (2 Corinthians 10-13) Conclusion to 2 Corinthians Key Verses and Themes in 2 Corinthian

Evaluation of the Performance of Local Cements with Imported Class ‘G’ Cement for Oil Well Cementing Operations in Ghana

Portland cement is the most commonly used cement in the oil and gas industry and it accounts for about 99% of all primary cementing operations throughout the world. For Portland cement to qualify as oil well cement, the chemical and physical properties must meet the required standards of the American Petroleum Institute (API). This research evaluates the performance of three locally manufactured cement samples and imported class G cement sample for oil and gas well cementing operations in Ghana. The paper details results of API specification tests and the physical properties of the local cements with the imported class G cement. The results indicated that locally manufactured cements have the potential to be used for cementing oil and gas wells. However, further tests should be conducted to ascertain their stability under High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT) conditions.Keywords: Compressive strength, Free fluid, Portland cement, Rheology, Thickening tim