生徒の人権意識を高める学校経営に関する事例研究

本研究の目的は，中学校において生徒の人権意識が高まった学校経営上の要因を明らかにすることである。本研究では次の５点が明らかになった。①校長が「安全・安心な学校」という学校経営のコンセプトを繰り返し，生徒や教職員，保護者に表明していた。このことが生徒の人権意識に影響を与え，教職員組織における人権教育を重視する規範の形成を促した。②校長が学校経営方針を毎年改善し，教職員へ教育計画の改善を要求したことが，教職員における毎年の教育改善の規範形成を促した。③教職員における人権教育重視と，毎年の教育改善の規範形成が，人権教育の授業研究の継続 を促した。④人権教育に関する授業研究の継続が，人権教育の授業の質の向上や，教職員の協働性の向上を促していた。校長によるメンター研修の導入も，教職員の協働性を向上させた。⑤人権教育の授業の質と教職員の協働性の向上が，生徒の人権意識の高まりを促した。The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors in school management that raised the awareness of human rights of students in junior high school. The following five points were clarified in this study. (1) The principal repeated the school management concept of safe and secure school and expressed it to students, staff, and parents. This affected students\u27 awareness of human rights and encouraged the formation of norms that emphasize human rights education in staff. (2) The principal improved the school management policy every year and requested staff to improve the education plan, which prompted the formation of a norm for improving education every year. (3) The emphasis on human rights education among staff and the formation of norms for improving education every year promoted the continuation of human rights education lesson study. (4) Continuation of lesson study on human rights education promoted the improvement of the quality of human rights education lessons and the improvement of collaboration among staff. The introduction of mentor training system by the principal improved the collaboration of faculty and staff. (5) Improving the quality of human rights education lessons and the collaboration of staff promoted the heightened awareness of human rights of students

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Lipid remodeling regulator 1 ( LRL

藻類のオイル生産を制御する因子を同定 --有用脂質生産の自在制御に向け大きな一歩--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2019-08-05.Scientists identify protein factors increasing yield of a biofuel precursor in microscopic algae. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2019-08-02.The elucidation of lipid metabolism in microalgae has attracted broad interest, as their storage lipid, triacylglycerol (TAG), can be readily converted into biofuel via transesterification. TAG accumulates in the form of oil droplets, especially when cells undergo nutrient deprivation, such as for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or sulfur (S). TAG biosynthesis under N‐deprivation has been comprehensively studied in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, during which TAG accumulates dramatically. However, the resulting rapid breakdown of chlorophyll restricts overall oil yield productivity and causes cessation of cell growth. In contrast, P‐deprivation results in oil accumulation without disrupting chloroplast integrity. We used a reverse genetics approach based on co‐expression analysis to identify a transcription factor (TF) that is upregulated under P‐depleted conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the mutants showed repression of genes typically associated with lipid remodeling under P‐depleted conditions, such as sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol 2 (SQD2), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGTT1), and major lipid droplet protein (MLDP). As accumulation of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and TAG were suppressed in P‐depleted mutants, we designated the protein as Lipid Remodeling reguLator 1 (LRL1). LRL1 mutants showed slower growth under P‐depletion. Moreover, cell size in the mutant was significantly reduced, and TAG and starch accumulation per cell were decreased. Transcriptomic analysis also suggested the repression of several genes typically upregulated in adaptation to P‐depletion that are associated with the cell cycle and P and lipid metabolism. Thus, our analysis of LRL1 provides insights into P‐allocation and lipid remodeling under P‐depleted conditions in C. reinhardtii