Two-step forming for improvement of forming limit in rotary nosing with relieved die for fabrication of axisymmetric and eccentric nosed tubes

This paper presents application of two-step forming for improving the forming limit in rotary nosing with a relieved die. Nosing is one method which is used for reducing the diameter of a tube tip. “Two-step nosing” is composed of two stages and different dies are applied for the two stages. The die shapes are determined based on the occurrence tendency of defects in “one-step nosing”, where only one die is used through the whole process. In this research, a series of experiments and numerical analyses of one-step nosing was carried out for investigating the mechanism of the occurrence of defects. As a result, it is revealed that the occurrence of defects was highly relevant with the contact area between the die and tube. Based on the result of one-step nosing, the optimum die shapes were determined for the two stages, and then “two-step nosing” improved the forming limit 9% higher than one-step nosing under the optimum condition. Furthermore, “two-step nosing” was experimentally applied for forming eccentric nosed tubes, and its superiority was verified

An experimental study of prospective memory by using gross motor task

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the number of repetition of a prospective memory task (PMT), the length of the delay interval, and the degree of difficulty of the gross motor task on the PMT performance by using the Einstein-type experimental paradigm. In Experiment 1, each of twenty-five participants repeatedly performed the PMT that 2, 4, 8 and 12 min after initiation of the stepping task. In Experiment 2, one hundred participants were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions. In each condition, the PMT was performed only once. Results of Experiment 1 showed that the PMT performance increased as the number of repetition of the PMT increased with the 2-min delay interval having the poorest performance. Results of Experiment 2 showed that the 4-min delay led to the poorer PMT performance than the 2-min delay interval. In both experiments, the PMT performance was positively correlated to the stepping performance, while the PMT performance was negatively correlated to each of task difficulty and RPE. It was concluded that when the PMT was performed only once, the PMT performance decreased as a function of delay interval. When the PMT was repeatedly performed, however, the PMT performance increased as a function of repetition regardless of delay interval

The Influence of Service Form on the Anticipation of Courses and Spins of Tennis Serves

本研究の目的は、同一サーバーによる2つの異なるサービス・フォーム(『基本的フォーム』、『応用的フォーム』)が、テニスのサービス・コースおよび球種予測の正確性に及ぼす影響を検討することである。結果は以下のとおりである。 1 コース予測、球種予測いずれにおいても、『応用的フォーム』に対する予測正確性は、『基本的フォーム』に対するよりも低かった。とくに、球種予測においてその差は顕著であった。 2 コース予測、球種予測いずれにおいても、『応用的フォーム』で打つサービスは、サービス動作の早期におけるレシーバーの予測正確性を低下させた。しかし、インパクト時にはフォームによる予測正確性の差は生じなかった。The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of two different service forms (basic and applied forms) of the identical server on the accuracy of anticipation of service courses and spins in tennis. The results were as follows: 1. In anticipation of both courses and spins, the accuracy of anticipation was lower for the applied service form than the basic one. Especially the difference was greater in the anticipation accuracy for spins. 2. In anticipation of both courses and spins, the serves hit with the applied form degraded the anticipation accuracy of the receiver in early sequence of service motion. However, there was no difference in the anticipation accuracy between basic and applied forms at the racket-ball contact

Prognosis of Japanese patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of molecular-targeted therapy

A multicenter cooperative study was conducted to clarify the prognosis of Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of molecular-targeted therapy and the clinical usefulness of the Japanese metastatic renal cancer (JMRC) prognostic classification. Of 389 consecutive patients for whom treatment was started between 2008 and 2010 at 23 hospitals in Japan, 357 patients who received vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI) or cytokine as initial systemic therapy were the subject of the present study. Patients were classified into three prognostic groups according to the JMRC prognostic classification. The endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after the start of the initial treatment. The median PFS and OS for the entire cohort of 357 patients were 9.1 and 27.2months, respectively. VEGFR-TKI were selected for patients with multiple organ metastases, those with liver metastasis, and those with bone metastasis. The median PFS and OS were 11.0 and 23.2months and 5.4 and 38.2months in the VEGFR-TKI group and the cytokines group, respectively. The JMRC prognostic classification was useful as a prognostic model for PFS and OS (c-indexes: 0.613 and 0.630 in patients who initially received VEGFR-TKI and 0.647 and 0.642 in patients who received cytokines, respectively). The present study showed for the first time the prognosis of Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of molecular-targeted therapy. The JMRC prognostic classification may be clinically useful as a prognostic model