Solar Wind Turbulence and the Role of Ion Instabilities

International audienc

Molecular pathology of lung cancer: key to personalized medicine.

The majority of lung adenocarcinoma patients with epidermal growth factor receptor- (EGFR) mutated or EML4-ALK rearrangement-positive tumors are sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Both primary and acquired resistance in a significant number of those patients to these therapies remains a major clinical problem. The specific molecular mechanisms associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance are not fully understood. Clinicopathological observations suggest that molecular alterations involving so-called 'driver mutations' could be used as markers that aid in the selection of patients most likely to benefit from targeted therapies. In this review, we summarize recent developments involving the specific molecular mechanisms and markers that have been associated with primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinomas. Understanding these mechanisms may provide new treatment avenues and improve current treatment algorithms

Eliminação de anomalias fisiológicas, in vitro, de plântulas de pessegueiro Recovering of anomalous peach seedlings growing in embryo culture

O experimento objetivou eliminar os sintomas de roseta e ananismo em híbridos de pessegueiro (Prunus persica L. Batsch) precoces, provenientes de cultura embrionária. Essas anomalias fisiológicas aparecem em vista dos inibidores de crescimento presentes nos meristemas apicais dos embriões. Dois processos de recuperação de vitroplântulas anômalas foram adotados: (a) eliminação da porção apical logo acima da primeira gema, a partir dos cotilédones; (b) manutenção das vitroplântulas por trinta dias em ambiente de vernalização com temperatura de 5-10 º C. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando se eliminou a dominância do meristema apical; as vitroplântulas mantidas em sala de crescimento emitiram, em cinco dias, brotações novas e normais e se desenvolveram rapidamente. Aquelas submetidas à quebra de endodormência, porém,retomaram parcialmente o desenvolvimento, de forma lenta e anormal.<br>Two methods were studied on peach embryo culture in order to recover seedlings presenting rosette and dwarf development. In the first method almost all the epicotyle was eliminated. Only a small portion of the axe just about cotyledons was left. In the second method, the seedlings were maintained under vernalization for thirty days at 5-10&deg;C in a dark room. The results showed that the seedlings submitted to the first method recovered rapidly with normal emission of now shoots. The same was not observed for the seedlings from the second method which developed slowly and still anomalously

Concentrações de 6-benzilaminopurina no desenvolvimento in vitro de embriões de pêssegos e nectarinas precoces In vitro effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on early peach and nectarine embryos development

Objetivando melhorar o desenvolvimento in vitro de embriões de pêssegos e nectarinas, de maturação precoce, adicionou-se, em meio básico de cultura, o regulador de crescimento 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) nas concentrações de 0,5,10,15 e 20&micro;M. Esse meio consistiu na solução salina de Murashige & Skoog acrescido de tiamina, 1mg/l; ácido nicotínico, 0,5mg/l; inositol, 100mg/1, glicina, 250mg/l; glutamina, 500mg/l; asparagina, 250mg/l, ácido giberélico, 0,1mg/l; sacarose, 30g/l, e ágar, 6g/l. A melhor taxa de desenvolvimento dos embriões, após 30dias de cultura, ocorreu nas concentrações de 5 e 10&micro;M de BAP, com uma emissão média de 4,5 brotos por embrião. Nas concentrações de 15 e 20mM de BAP, o número de brotações foi maior, porém com menor aproveitamento, devido à presença dos sintomas indesejáveis de vitrificação. O BAP não eliminou, totalmente, a roseta e o ananismo fisiológico dos embriões.<br>Embryos of early peach and nectarine were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3%sacarose,0.6%agar and(in mg/liter) 1 thiamin, 0.5 nicotinic acid, 100 inositol, 250 glycin, 500 glutamin, 250 asparagin, 0.1 giberelic acid, and BAP at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20&micro;M. The frequency of growth was as high as 100% when BAP was included in the medium. The best development of the embryos occurred with BAP rates of 5 and 10&micro;M. At these concentrations of BAP, the mean number of adventitious shoots was 4.5 per embryo. The vitrification ratio was higher at concentrations of 15 and 20&micro;M. The inclusion of BAP, consistently reduced but not fully eliminated lhe rosette and dwarf appearances in vitroplantules