Photoselektive Vaporisation der Prostata: Erfahrungen mit Prostataadenomen >80cm3

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Wir berichten über unsere Erfahrungen mit der photoselektiven Vaporisation der Prostata (PVP) bei Patienten mit symptomatischer benigner Prostatahyperplasie (BPH) und Prostataadenomen >80cm3. Patienten und Methode: 201Patienten mit BPH wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen; 51 (25,4%) Patienten hatten ein Prostatavolumen >80cm3 und 150 (74,6%) Patienten ein Volumen 80cm3 stellt die PVP eine durchführbare Therapieoption da

Relationships between Root Pathogen Resistance, Abundance and Expression of Pseudomonas Antimicrobial Genes, and Soil Properties in Representative Swiss Agricultural Soils

Strains of Pseudomonas that produce antimicrobial metabolites and control soilborne plant diseases have often been isolated from soils defined as disease-suppressive, i.e., soils, in which specific plant pathogens are present, but plants show no or reduced disease symptoms. Moreover, it is assumed that pseudomonads producing antimicrobial compounds such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) or phenazines (PHZ) contribute to the specific disease resistance of suppressive soils. However, pseudomonads producing antimicrobial metabolites are also present in soils that are conducive to disease. Currently, it is still unknown whether and to which extent the abundance of antimicrobials-producing pseudomonads is related to the general disease resistance of common agricultural soils. Moreover, virtually nothing is known about the conditions under which pseudomonads express antimicrobial genes in agricultural field soils. We present here results of the first side-by-side comparison of 10 representative Swiss agricultural soils with a cereal-oriented cropping history for (i) the resistance against two soilborne pathogens, (ii) the abundance of Pseudomonas bacteria harboring genes involved in the biosynthesis of the antimicrobials DAPG, PHZ, and pyrrolnitrin on roots of wheat, and (iii) the ability to support the expression of these genes on the roots. Our study revealed that the level of soil disease resistance strongly depends on the type of pathogen, e.g., soils that are highly resistant to Gaeumannomyces tritici often are highly susceptible to Pythium ultimum and vice versa. There was no significant correlation between the disease resistance of the soils, the abundance of Pseudomonas bacteria carrying DAPG, PHZ, and pyrrolnitrin biosynthetic genes, and the ability of the soils to support the expression of the antimicrobial genes. Correlation analyses indicated that certain soil factors such as silt, clay, and some macro- and micronutrients influence both the abundance and the expression of the antimicrobial genes. Taken together, the results of this study suggests that pseudomonads producing DAPG, PHZ, or pyrrolnitrin are present and abundant in Swiss agricultural soils and that the soils support the expression of the respective biosynthetic genes in these bacteria to various degrees. The precise role that these pseudomonads play in the general disease resistance of the investigated agricultural soils remains elusive

Comparison of the roll-plate and sonication techniques in the diagnosis of microbial ureteral stent colonisation: results of the first prospective randomised study

Background: Microbial ureteral stent colonisation (MUSC) is one leading risk factor for complications associated with ureteral stent placement. As MUSC remains frequently undetected by standard urine cultures, its definitive diagnosis depends on microbiological investigation of the stent. However, a standard reference laboratory technique for studying MUSC is still lacking. Materials and methods: A total of 271 ureteral stents removed from 199 consecutive patients were investigated. Urine samples were obtained prior to device removal. Stents were divided into four parts. Each part was separately processed by the microbiology laboratory within 6h. Ureteral stents were randomly allocated to roll-plate or sonication, respectively, and analysed using standard microbiological techniques. Demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected using a standard case-report form. Results: Overall, roll-plate showed a higher detection rate of MUSC compared with sonication (35 vs. 28%, p<0.05) and urine culture (35 vs. 8%, p<0.05). No inferiority of Maki's technique was observed even when stents were stratified according to indwelling time below or above 30days. Compared with roll-plate, sonication commonly failed to detect Enterococcus spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, sonication required more hands-on time, more equipment and higher training than roll-plate in the laboratory. Conclusions: This prospective randomised study demonstrates the superiority of Maki's roll-plate technique over sonication in the diagnosis of MUSC and that urine culture is less sensitive than both methods. The higher detection rate, simplicity and cost-effectiveness render roll-plate the methodology of choice for routine clinical investigation as well as basic laboratory researc

START in a five-dimensional conformal domain

In this paper we give a brief review of the pseudo-Riemannian geometry of the five-dimensional homogeneous space for the conformal group O(4,2). Its topology is described and its relation to the conformally compactified Minkowski space is described. Its metric is calculated using a generalized half-space representation. Compactification via Lie-sphere geometry is outlined. Possible applications to Jaime Keller's START theory may follow by using its predecessor - the 5-optics of Yu. B. Rumer. The point of view of Rumer is given extensively in the last section of the paper. Keywords. Kaluza,Klein, Rumer, conformal symmetry, hyperbolic space, START, fifth dimension, action coordinate, 5-opticsComment: Latex, 13 pages, 3 figures, added sections 3.2. Christoffel symbols and geodesics and 3.3. {\Sigma}- as the space of hyperboloids; accepted for publication in the special volume of AACA in memory of Prof. Jaime Kelle

Avaliação das características enológicas da cv. Alicante Bouschet produzida em uma região tropical, no Nordeste do Brasil.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características das uvas e do vinho elaborado a partir da cultivar Alicante Bouschet, instalada em fevereiro de 2001 em um solo tipo aluvião, sendo as plantas enxertadas sobre IAC-572 (Vitis caribaea e 101-14 Mgt) e irrigadas por gotejamento

Erratum: Author Correction: System immunology-based identification of blood transcriptional modules correlating to antibody responses in sheep.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41541-018-0078-0.]

Constraints on a Massive Dirac Neutrino Model

We examine constraints on a simple neutrino model in which there are three massless and three massive Dirac neutrinos and in which the left handed neutrinos are linear combinations of doublet and singlet neutrinos. We examine constraints from direct decays into heavy neutrinos, indirect effects on electroweak parameters, and flavor changing processes. We combine these constraints to examine the allowed mass range for the heavy neutrinos of each of the three generations.Comment: latex, 29 pages, 7 figures (not included), MIT-CTP-221

Ballistic Annihilation

Ballistic annihilation with continuous initial velocity distributions is investigated in the framework of Boltzmann equation. The particle density and the rms velocity decay as $c=t^{-\alpha}$ and $=t^{-\beta}$, with the exponents depending on the initial velocity distribution and the spatial dimension. For instance, in one dimension for the uniform initial velocity distribution we find $\beta=0.230472...$. We also solve the Boltzmann equation for Maxwell particles and very hard particles in arbitrary spatial dimension. These solvable cases provide bounds for the decay exponents of the hard sphere gas.Comment: 4 RevTeX pages and 1 Eps figure; submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Unparticle Searches Through Compton Scattering

We investigate the effects of unparticles on Compton scattering, e gamma -> e gamma based on a future e^+e^- linear collider such as the CLIC. For different polarization configurations, we calculate the lower limits of the unparticle energy scale Lambda_U for a discovery reach at the center of mass energies sqrt(s)=0.5 TeV- 3 TeV. It is shown that, especially, for smaller values of the mass dimension d, (1 <d <1.3), and for high energies and luminosities of the collider these bounds are very significant. As a stringent limit, we find Lambda_U>80 TeV for d<1.3 at sqrt(s)=3 TeV, and 1 ab^(-1) integrated luminosity per year, which is comparable with the limits calculated from other low and high energy physics implications.Comment: Table 1 and 2 have been combined as Table 1, references updated, minor typos have been correcte