Thermography of flame during diesel fuel combustion with steam gasification

The paper represents a study concerning the combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel in a perspective burner device with the controlled forced supply of overheated steam into the combustion zone, using diesel fuel. The thermal imaging measurements are conducted for the outer flame of the burner device in the wide range of regime parameters (flow rate and temperature of steam). A thermal imaging camera (FLIR, JADE J530SB) is used in the experiments. The effective emissivity coefficient of flame is obtained versus the flow rate of steam supplied. The steam parameters are found to influence on the temperature in the outer flame of the burner device

Green catalytic valorization of hardwood biomass into valuable chemicals with the use of solid catalysts

Results of the study on green valorization of hardwood biomass into valuable chemicals with the use of solid catalysts were described. The heterogeneous catalytic processes of hemicelluloses and cellulose hydrolysis, wood oxidative fractionation and lignin depolymerization in supercritical spirits are suggested to employ for the green biorefinery of hardwood to xylose, pure cellulose, glucose, alcohols and liquid hydrocarbons

Ignition of a coal particle at the low temperature of gas flow

Regularities of physical and chemical processes occurring during the heating of the coal dust particles by low-temperature air flow are investigated by means of thermogravimetric analyzer TA SDT Q600 and experimental setup of optical diagnostics of multiphase flows based on PIV method. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics were established for the processes of the coal particle inert heating, moisture evaporation, thermal decomposition, combustible gas mixture formation, oxidation of volatiles and carbon. It was revealed that the temperature of the oxidizer required for the coal particle ignition is higher than 500 ∘C. The experimental data can be used to develop predictive mathematical models of technological processes fire hazard in pulverized coal systems of thermal power plants

Catalytic hydrogenolysis of native and organosolv lignins of aspen wood to liquid products in supercritical ethanol medium

fffInternational audienceCatalytic hydrogenolysis in the medium of supercritical organic solvents is a promising way of wood lignins depolymerization into liquid products.In this study, for the first time, the catalytic properties of bifunctional catalysts Ru/C, Pt/ZrO2, NiCuMo/SiO2, containing nanosized metal particles on acidic groups are compared in the processes of aspen wood and ethanol lignin hydrogenolysis in supercritical ethanol.The most active catalysts are Ru/C and Pt/ZrO2 which provide the high conversion of wood (to 78.0 wt%), significant yield of liquid products (to 50.6 wt%) and low yield of solid rest (to 22.0 wt%) at temperature 250 °C and H2 pressure 9.0 MPa. These catalysts increase the yield of monomeric compounds in liquid products from 10.5 % to 50.4 % on mass of lignin.GC–MS analysis shows that alkyl derivatives of methoxyphenols (mainly propyl syringol and propyl guaiacol) are dominated in liquid products. Solid products of aspen wood catalytic hydrogenolysis contain mainly cellulose (to 82.2 wt%). Therefore, the catalytic hydrogenolysis in supercritical ethanol in the presence of by functional catalysts Ru/C and Pt/ZrO2 allows to fractionate the aspen wood biomass on cellulose and liquid products enriched with propyl syringol and propyl guaiacol.In catalytic hydrogenolysis of ethanol lignin the yield of alkyl derivatives of methoxyphenols is lower compared to wood. This is probably due to the reduced content of reactive β-O-4 bonds in the structure of ethanol lignin compared to native lignin of aspen wood. As follows from the results obtained, native lignin of wood is easier depolymerized to monomeric compounds in the process of catalytic hydrogenolysis than ethanol lignin, isolated from wood.According to GPC data, the catalysts shift to the region of lower molecular mass the molecular mass distribution of liquid products of aspen wood and ethanol lignin hydrogenolysis