New Limit for the Half-Life of 2K(2neutrino)-Capture Decay Mode of 78Kr

Features of data accumulated at 1817 hours in the experimental search for 2K(2 \nu)-capture decay mode of Kr-78 are discussed. The new limit for this decay half-life is found to be T_{1/2} > 2.3 *10^{20} yr. (90% C.L.).Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. of Atom. Nuc

Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins and Their Applications

High transparency, low light-scattering, and low autofluorescence of mammalian tissues in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range (650-900 nm) open a possibility for in vivo imaging of biological processes at the micro-and macroscales to address basic and applied problems in biology and biomedicine. Recently, probes that absorb and fluoresce in the NIR optical range have been engineered using bacterial phytochromes-natural NIR light-absorbing photoreceptors that regulate metabolism in bacteria. Since the chromophore in all these proteins is biliverdin, a natural product of heme catabolism in mammalian cells, they can be used as genetically encoded fluorescent probes, similarly to GFP-like fluorescent proteins. In this review, we discuss photophysical and biochemical properties of NIR fluorescent proteins, reporters, and biosensors and analyze their characteristics required for expression of these molecules in mammalian cells. Structural features and molecular engineering of NIR fluorescent probes are discussed. Applications of NIR fluorescent proteins and biosensors for studies of molecular processes in cells, as well as for tissue and organ visualization in whole-body imaging in vivo, are described. We specifically focus on the use of NIR fluorescent probes in advanced imaging technologies that combine fluorescence and bioluminescence methods with photoacoustic tomography.Peer reviewe

THYROID HORMONE THERAPY PRINCIPLES AFTER SURGERY OF THYROID TUMORS

Thyroid hormone administration after thyroid tumors surgery is a part of complex treatment strategy. In case of papillary, follicular and poor-differentiated carcinomas suppressive treatment regime is indicated with target TSH level ≤ 0.1 IU/l. Intensity and duration of TSH suppressive treatment regime depends on tumor recurrence risk group and presence of severe cardio-vascular disease. In case of medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancer require substitutive treatment regime as well as after benign tumor surgery. If patient has been undergone partial thyroid resection by reason of benign tumor the suppressive treatment necessity would be settled in terms of postsurgical TSH level. Thereafter on substitutive or suppressive L-thyroxine treatment patient has achieved target TSH level the further control of it is conducting half in year and annually later

Results of a search for 2β\beta-decay of 136^{136}Xe with high-pressure copper proportional counters in Baksan Neutrino Observatory

The experiment for the 2$\beta$-decay of $^{136}$Xe search with two high-pressure copper proportional counters has been held in Baksan neutrino observatory. The search for the process is based on comparison of spectra measured with natural and enriched xenon. No evidence has been found for 2$\beta$(2$\nu$)- and 2$\beta$(0$\nu$)-decay. The decay half lifetime limit based on data measured during 8000 h is T$_{1/2}$$\geq8.5\cdot10^{21}$yr for 2$\nu$-mode and T$_{1/2}$$\geq3.1\cdot10^{23}$yr for 0$\nu$-mode (90%C.L.).Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures; talk at the NANP'05 Conference; submitted to Phys. At. Nuc

A choice of legal act during law-making process

There is a problem of legal act choice during the law-making process considered in the paper. A method for step-by-step choice algorithm is advanced. The algorithm is associated with public relationship assessment. The public relationships to be regulated must have a certain social valu

La opinión del pueblo y del poder supremo: sobre la naturaleza de la relación entre el soberano y sus ciudadanos en Rusia a mediados del siglo XVI

According to the authors, the effectiveness of the work of the Moscow state machine was largely determined by the extent of feedback channels within the supreme power. In the summer of 1547, the passivity of the supreme power in investigating the facts of abuse of governors, eliminating the consequences of the fire, coupled with the growth of taxes and crop failures and subsequent rise in the price of bread led to the rebellion of citizens in Moscow and forcing Ivan IV to dialogue and satisfy their demand

Forming and development of law-making principles system and its meaning for legal enforcement of suitable legal regulation model

There is a law-making principles system worked out in the paper. It plays the great role in creation or choice of legal regulation model. When elaborating the latter, the deep interaction between law-making and law principles takes place. The deeper interaction is put by a legislator into model background the better public regulation is carried ou

La institucionalización de los principios de creación de leyes como una forma de transformar las categorías científicas en las soluciones de creación de leyes

La institucionalización de los principios de creación de la ley es la tarea más importante del estado que se otorga a la formación orientada hacia la creación de la ley, para hacer cumplir el propósito social y las formas de desarrollo del estado legalment