Experience of polyart education of children of different categories

The research is relevant due to the necessity to provide a high level of children and youth aesthetic education, continuous comprehensive artistic education can be one of the tools of aesthetic education. This article aims to uncover the polyart education efficiency for children of different categories. The leading approach of the research is the system approach that results in the analysis of the existed scientific works and educational programs oriented to the comprehensive aesthetic education of children of different categories, experience generalization, and problem identification with the aim to design and provide complete continuous polyart educational process. Scientific arguments for the pedagogical efficiency of polyart education of different children including children with special educational needs are given in this article; the arguments are based on the analysis of the existent works on the topic of the research, experience and the author's alternative variant of the continuous artistic development, during which the project-based learning is preferably used. Research materials can be useful for teachers who teach art at preschool educational institutions, general education and special schools, cultural institutions. © 2016, Gokkusagi LTD. STI. All rights reserved

Study of PRIMAVERA Steel Samples by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy Technique II – Lifetime Measurements

In the present article, a positron annihilation lifetime technique was used for the study of VVER-440/230 weld materials, manufactured in the frame of the international PRIMAVERA project on microstructural investigation of the irradiated WWER-440 reactor pressure vessel steel. The present results complement our previous report of positron angular correlation experiments and provide in-depth characterization of vacancy type defects behavior under irradiation and thermal treatment. The results give new insight into the previously published atom probe tomography and angular correlation of annihilation radiation studies. The measurements do not show any association of phosphorus or its segregation to the open volume defects investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy. The embrittlement effects related to the phosphorus seem to be effectively annealed-out during 475 °C thermal treatment and the post annealing microstructure and mechanical properties of the material are consequently affected mostly by agglomerations of vacancy clusters coarsened during thermal treatment.JRC.F.4-Safety of future nuclear reactor

D-shell of iron atom of the amorphous FeCr

An amorphous metal alloy of the FeCrB system was studied during the crystallization by thermal annealing. Such an alloy is a perspective candidate for the role of an intermediate layer in multilayer covering for cutting tools. By the using of the thermoelectric voltage measurement, positron annihilation spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the conjoint research was performed for the study of the conduction and d-electron band state in the amorphous metallic alloy FeCr15B15, which intersects each other by the energy. The results of all the studies agree with each other and indicate the change in the effective charge of the d-shell by 1 electron during crystallization

Study of PRIMAVERA Steel Samples by a Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy Technique

In the present article, a positron annihilation spectroscopy investigation of VVER-440/230 weld materials is discussed. Important characteristics of metals such as Fermi energy, concentration of electrons in the conduction band, size and concentration of defects were experimentally determined for three model materials with higher level of copper (0.16 wt.%) and phosphorus (0.027-0.038 wt.%). The impact of neutron irradiation and subsequent annealing on crystal lattice parameters was investigated. The experiments complement the published PAS studies of the radiation treated VVER materials as well as previous experiments on PRIMAVERA materials with the angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation (PAS-ACAR) measurements. The availability of the experimental reactor to prepare strong 64Cu positron sources provided for unique experimental conditions, such as good resolution of spectra (0.4 mrad) and reasonable short time of measurement (36hours). The present paper aims to contribute to further understanding of RVP steels behavior under irradiation conditions as well as annealing recovery procedures, which have already been applied at several VVER NPP units in Europe.JRC.F.5-Safety of present nuclear reactor

Positronics and Nanotechnologies - Possibilities of Studying Nanoobjects in Materials and Nanomaterials by the Method of Positron-Annihilation Spectroscopy

The method of positron-annihilation spectroscopy is shown to be one of the most efficient methods for determining sizes of nanoobjects (vacancies, vacancy clusters); free volumes of pores, cavities, and hollows; and their concentrations and chemical composition at the point of annihilation in porous systems and some defective materials (and generally in a lot of technologically important materials and nanomaterials). Experimental investigations of nanodefects in porous silicon, silicon, and quartz single crystals irradiated with protons and in quartz powders are briefly reviewed.JRC.F.5-Safety of present nuclear reactor

Integrated analysis of WWER-440 RPV weld re-embrittlement after annealing

The analysis of WWER-440 RPV welds mechanical properties and behaviour of nanoscale structural features under primary irradiation, thermal annealing and re-irradiation has been performed in the framework of the international research project PRIMAVERA. The weld material of WWER-440 with three different levels of phosphorus contents, specifically 0.025, 0.030 and 0.040 wt % were investigated in the framework of the project. It has been demonstrated that the copper atoms create under irradiation small clusters (d ~ 1-2 nm) surrounded by P, Si or Mn atoms. The phosphorus atoms segregate on Cu –clusters, dislocations and form P –clusters and atmospheres. These mechanisms lead to the embrittlement of RPV steel, which is revealed by the increasing of yield stress and transition temperature shift after irradiation. Due to thermal annealing a substantial part of irradiation induced copper and phosphorus clusters will be dissolved. Moreover dissolution of Cu clusters occurs simultaneously with the growth of the Cu precipitates. Both steel tensile properties and transition temperature recover due to thermal annealing. A substantial phosphorus effect on ductile-to-brittle transition temperature shift occurs under re-irradiation. Because in the annealed steel a substantial part of the Cu atoms is in the precipitates, the material embrittlement under re-irradiation does not depend so much on Cu, and the Tk shift under re-irradiation is less as compared with primary irradiation. Considering the vacancy type defects, the PAS experiments show that basically three different processes play a role in the microstructure evolution: irradiation induced creation of point defects, thermal induced annealing of these defects and thermal/irradiation induced coarsening of defects. Although, the influence of the vacancy type defects on the mechanical properties was found to be little in comparison to the effect of the Cu-P clusters, the presence of these defects in the irradiated and annealed materials were observed in large number - significantly more than in an equilibrium state.JRC.F.4-Nuclear Reactor Integrity Assessment and Knowledge Managemen

Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике остеопороза

[English] Due to continuous aging of population and increase in the number of elderly people, osteoporosis became socially significant disease leading to disability, increasing mortality and thereby putting an additional burden on the public healthcare system. Screening to identify groups with a high probability of fracture is recommended using the FRAX® Tool for all postmenopausal women and men over 50 years old (А1). In the presense of major pathological fractures (hip, spine, multiple fractures) it is recommended to diagnose osteoporosis and prescribe treatment regardless of the results of spine and hip double X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or FRAX® (B2). It is recommended to evaluate C-terminal telopeptide when prescribing antiresorptive therapy and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) when prescribing anabolic therapy to patients receiving osteoporosis treatment at baseline and 3 months after the start of therapy in order to assess the effectiveness of treatment early and adherence to the therapy (А2). It is recommended to diagnose osteoporosis and prescribe treatment to patients with high individual 10-year probability of major pathological fractures (FRAX®) regardless of the results of spine and hip DXA (В3). It is recommended to diagnose osteoporosis and prescribe treatment with a decrease in BMD, measured by DXA, by 2.5 or more T-score standard deviations in femoral neck, and/or in total hip, and/or in lumbar vertebrae, in postmenopausal women and men over 50 years old (А2). It is recommended to prescribe bisphosphonates, denosumab or teriparatide to prevent pathological fractures and increase BMD in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoporosis in men, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (А2). When the clinical effect of therapy in osteoporotic patients without pathological fractures is achieved (BMD T-score > -2.0 SD in femoral neck and absence of new fractures), it is recommended to interrupt bisphosphonates therapy for 1-2 years with subsequent follow-up (B2). In patients with vertebral fractures, hip fractures or multiple fractures, it is recommended to continue ceaseless long-term treatment of osteoporosis (В3). All drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis are recommended to be prescribed in combination with calcium and cholecalciferol (А2). In order to reduce the risk of recurrent fractures by prescribing osteoporosis therapy timely and maintaining long-term follow-up of patients over 50 years old with pathological fractures, it is recommended to create Fracture Liaison Services (В2). [Русский] В связи с непрерывным старением населения и увеличением количества лиц старшего и пожилого возраста остеопороз стал социально значимым заболеванием, приводя к инвалидности, повышая уровень смертности и создавая тем самым дополнительную нагрузку на систему здравоохранения. Скрининг для выявления групп с высокой вероятностью переломов рекомендован с использованием Алгоритма FRAX® среди всех женщин в постменопаузе и мужчин старше 50 лет (А1). При наличии патологических переломов крупных костей скелета (бедренной кости, тел(а) позвонков(-а), множественных переломов) в анамнезе рекомендовано устанавливать диагноз остеопороза и назначать лечение независимо от результатов рентгеноденситометрии поясничного отдела позвоночника и проксимального отдела бедренной кости или FRAX® (B2). Рекомендуется определение С-концевого телопептида при назначении антирезорбтивной терапии и исследование уровня N-терминального пропептида проколлагена 1-го типа (P1NP) при назначении анаболической терапии пациентам, получающим лечение остеопороза, исходно и через 3 месяца от начала терапии с целью ранней оценки эффективности лечения и приверженности к терапии (А2). Рекомендовано устанавливать диагноз остеопороза и назначать лечение пациентам c высокой индивидуальной 10-летней вероятностью основных патологических переломов (FRAX®) независимо от показателя рентгеноденситометрии поясничного отдела позвоночника и проксимального отдела бедренной кости (В3). Рекомендовано устанавливать диагноз «остеопороз» и назначать терапию при снижении МПК, измеренной при DXA, на 2,5 и более стандартных отклонения по Т-критерию в шейке бедренной кости, и/или в целом в проксимальном отделе бедренной кости, и/или в поясничных позвонках у женщин в постменопаузе и у мужчин старше 50 лет (А2). Для предупреждения патологических переломов и повышения МПК у пациентов с постменопаузальным остеопорозом, остеопорозом у мужчин, глюкокортикоидным остеопорозом рекомендуется прием бисфосфонатов, деносумаба или терипаратида (А2). Пациентам с остеопорозом без патологических переломов при достижении клинического эффекта терапии (МПК до -2,0 SD по Т-критерию в шейке бедренной кости и отсутствие новых переломов) рекомендовано на 1-2 года прекратить терапию бисфосфонатами с последующим динамическим наблюдением (B2). Пациентам с переломами тел позвонков, бедренной кости или множественными переломами в анамнезе рекомендуется продолжать непрерывное длительное лечение остеопороза (В3). Все препараты для лечения остеопороза рекомендуется назначать в сочетании с препаратами кальция и колекальциферола (А2). С целью своевременного назначения терапии остеопороза и обеспечения длительного наблюдения за пациентами в возрасте 50 лет и старше с патологическими переломами для снижения риска повторных переломов рекомендуется создавать Службы профилактики повторных переломов (В2)