Cytokine profile features in women with reproductive disorders exposed to excessive environmental contamination with hydroxybenzene

Excessive activity of cytokines, as well as their deficiency, promote a regulatory imbalance of immune system, which may cause persistent inflammation and, as a consequence, loss of pregnancy. The purpose of our work was to study the role of cytokine expression in the development of endometriosis in women exposed to excessive environmental contamination with hydroxybenzene. The study involved 106 women of reproductive age, divided into 4 groups according to two criteria: the presence or absence of reproductive disorders (endometriosis), as well as levels of blood contamination with hydroxybenzene compared to the reference ranges. The groups of women were comparable in age, ethnicity, and social status. The level of phenol in blood was measured by gas chromatography, and the cytokine levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The use of parametric and nonparametric statistical criteria as well as adjustments for multiple Bonferoni comparisons, allowed us to establish significant differences between the groups, according to the levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10. The expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in women with endometriosis was found to be significantly higher than in healthy ones. At the same time, the observed features of IL-8, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) expression correlate with the overproduction of interleukin 10 (IL-10) associated with excessive contamination of bio-environments with hydroxybenzene. The results of using non-parametric correlation analysis of the Spearman data revealed a positive correlation between IL-10 production and hydroxybenzene levels in the blood, as well as inverse relationship between IL-10 and IL-8 expression. Thus, evidence has been obtained of the involvement of exogenous estrogen hydroxybenzene in development of reproductive disorders, probably, formed under active participation of increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine, which, by antagonism to proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-8), seems to promote apparent transition from acute phase of endometriosis to chronic disorder, thus reducing the reproductive potential of women. It is known that IL-8 expression significantly correlates with development of endometriosis, but excessive phenol exposure may increase the anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression, thereby suppressing the activity of IL-8. Suppressed activity of proinflammatory cytokines by phenol may lead to chronic inflammation and impaired reproductive functions

Immunological and genetic features of pathogenetic association between psoriasis and colonic dysbiosis

Psoriasis is a multifactorial systemic immune-associated disease. It is assumed that colonic dysbiosis may contribute to its development. In this review we provide the data on colonic dysbiosis in induction and progression of psoriatic inflammation assessing a role for bacterial species: Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Escherichia coli. On one hand, these bacterial species indicate at state of dysbiotic bacterial communities, whereas on the other hand, they are functionally associated with triggering a chain of events inducing impaired intestinal barrier transforming into chronic inflammation in the colonic mucosa and systemic inflammation. Such a scenario leads to the altered systemic reactivity of innate and adaptive immune cells, impaired function of regulatory immune cells resulting in expansion of the autoreactive skin T-cells and induction of psoriatic inflammation due to molecular mimicry between persistent Streptococcus pyogenes and cutaneous antigens. The psoriatic process is envisioned as a comorbidity with inflammatory bowel diseases. Since dysbiotic changes in psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases (e.g. Crohn's disease) display similar features, these diseases might potentially proceed via a similar pathogenetic chain resulting from dysbiotic changes in intestinal microbiota towards impaired intestinal barrier, chronic systemic inflammation and altered anti-inflammatory immune arm. Therefore, the data on pathogenetic pathways of the diseases comorbid with psoriasis are able to uncover yet-unknown pathogenetic components for the latter. Psoriasis as a genetically-determined disease is currently believed to be associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in more than four hundred genes. A role for diverse SNPs in candidate genes involved in psoriasis pathogenetic chain in antigen processing and presentation, migration of immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokine ligation and production is discussed. Crohn's disease is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes encoding intestinal barrier proteins potentially underlying its functional deficiency. In connection with comorbidity and similarity between microbiota-associated pathogenetic psoriasis chain and inflammatory bowel diseases, it is possible to assume that such SNPs accounting for genetic defects in the intestinal barrier are manifested as dysbiotic changes in colonic bacterial community and contribute to progression not only of inflammatory bowel diseases, but psoriasis as well

Study of apolipoprotein C3 S1/S2 (C3238G, rs5128) polymorphism in Caucasian population of Eastern Siberia

The prevalence of genotypes and alleles of polymorphic marker S1 /S2 Apolipoprotein C3 in healthy adolescent Caucasians (Russians) living in Eastern Siberia was studied. Material for research was the DNA extracted from the venous blood; genotype was determined by PCR-RFLP for each sample. In the studied sample in 88.9 % of cases genotype S1/ S1 was detected, genotype S1/S2 was found in 8.6 %, S2/S2 - in 2.5 %. The share of S2 allele was 6.8 %, which is not significantly different from the previously studied Caucasoid populations

Scientific and research activity of students-geographes under pedagogical practice

UA: У педагогічних вищих навчальних закладах України склався певний досвід дослідницької організації науково-методичної роботи студентів у період педагогічної практики. Курсом, який виходить на педагогічну практику, пропонується певна наукова проблема для розробки її в період педагогічної практики. Проблеми і теми (число тем відповідає кількості шкіл, у яких буде проходити практика) висуваються, як правило, провідним методистом факультету заздалегідь затверджуються кафедрою. Між школами наукові теми розподіляються на установчій конференції з педпрактики. Від групових керівників студенти отримують індивідуальні завдання та інструкції щодо виконання науково -методичної роботи: знайомляться зі змістом теми, з метою дослідження, з результатами, які повинні бути отримані в результаті роботи над темою, з основними методами педагогічного дослідження (вивчення науково-методичної літератури, спостереження, дослідне навчання, узагальнення досвіду). EN: In the pedagogical higher educational establishments of Ukraine there has developed a certain experience of the research organization of scientific and methodical work of students in the period of pedagogical practice. The course, which goes to pedagogical practice, proposes a certain scientific problem for its development during the period of pedagogical practice. From group leaders, students receive individual tasks and instructions for the implementation of scientific and methodological work: get acquainted with the content of the topic, for the purpose of research, with the results that should be obtained as a result of work on the topic, with the basic methods of pedagogical research (study of scientific and methodological literature, observation, experimental learning, generalization of experience)

Электрокардиографические нарушения при ушибе сердца (экспериментальное исследование)

Objective: to study the incidence and pattern of cardiac arrhythmias and other abnormalities in the early posttraumatic period of experimental cardiac contusion and to assess their contribution to death and the development of posttraumat-ic myocardial dysfunction.Materials and methods: experiments were carried out on non-inbred albino male rats anesthetized with sodium thiopental. An electrocardiogram, respiration rate, and left carotid blood pressure were recorded in the direct fashion. Cardiac contusion was reproduced by an original device that imitated a blow of the steering wheel to the anterior chest, as that observed when a moving car clashed against an obstacle. Some animals were traumatized after preadministration of atropine sulfate.Results: sinus bradycardia accompanied by bradypnoea or short-term apnoea and lowered blood pressure is a compulsory and persistent ECG abnormality. Preinjection of atropine significantly prevents the occurrence of these changes and points to the likely reflectory mechanism of their development. Other ECG abnormalities (heterotopic rhythms, premature beats, conduction blockade, terminal ventricular complex changes, etc.) are encountered in a variety of combinations, including those among which typical changes that are undetectable, are diverse, short-term, and labile. Among them, there are virtually no hemodynamic and potentially fatal arrhythmias.Conclusion: in experimental isolated cardiac contusion, the pattern of cardiac arrhythmias differs from that observed in the inpatient setting. Cardiac arrhythmias and other ECG abnormalities do not make a considerable contribution to a mortality rate under the conditions of this experiment since there are no hemodynamic ones. Цель исследования : изучить частоту развития и структуру нарушений сердечного ритма и других ЭКГ-отклонений в раннем посттравматическом периоде экспериментального ушиба сердца, а также их вклад в летальность и формирование посттравматической миокардиальной дисфункции.Материалы и методы: эксперименты выполнены на белых беспородных крысах-самцах, наркотизированных тиопенталом натрия. Регистрировали электрокардиограмму, частоту дыхания и АД в левой сонной артерии прямым методом. Ушиб сердца воспроизводили с помощью оригинального устройства, имитирующего удар передней грудной стенки о стойку руля при столкновении движущегося автомобиля с препятствием. У части животных травма наносилась после предварительного введения атропина сульфата.Результаты: обязательным и стойким ЭКГ-отклонением в раннем посттравматическом периоде изолированного экспериментального ушиба сердца является синусовая брадикардия, сопровождающаяся урежением или кратковременной остановкой дыхания и снижением артериального давления. Предварительное введение атропина в значительной степени предотвращает возникновение данных изменений и указывает на вероятный рефлекторный механизм их развития. Другие ЭКГ-отклонения (гетеротопные ритмы, экстрасистолия, блокады проведения, изменения конечной части желудочкового комплекса и др.) встречаются в самых разнообразных сочетаниях, в числе которых не удалось выявить типичных, носят разнообразный, кратковременный и лабильный характер. Среди них практически отсутствуют гемодинамически значимые и потенциально летальные нарушения ритма.Заключение: структура нарушений сердечного ритма при экспериментальном изолированном ушибе сердца отличается от таковой в условиях клиники. Нарушения сердечного ритма и другие ЭКГ-отклонения не вносят существенного вклада в показатель летальности в условиях данного эксперимента, поскольку среди них нет гемодинамически значимых.

NUTRITCIOGENETICS AND RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: ASSOCIATED RESEARCH IN EASTERN SIBERIA POPULATIONS

Purpose: to study nutritional habits as a risk factor of cardiovascular pathology as so as a role of apolipoprotein A1 gene in metabolism in native and alien population of Eastern Siberia. Methods: we used Kiselev questionnaire (1998) for estimation of "nutritional risk". Totally 863 adolescents were evaluated, including 445 (51,6 %) persons of the alien ethnogroup (Russian) and 418 (48,4 %) persons of the native ethnogroup (Buriat). We evaluated clinically, functionally and genetically healthy and hypertensive (having essential arterial hypertension) adolescents and compared the results. Out of 226 adolescents with essential arterial hypertension, 144 persons were from the alien ethnogroup (mean age is 16,22 ± 1,14 years) and 82 adolescents from the native ethnogroup (mean age is 16,57 ± 1,62 years). Out of 173 healthy adolescents (mean age is 15,12 ± 2,71 years), 79 (45,7 %) persons were buriats and 94 (54,3 %) persons were Russian. Ethnic data were gotten by questionnaire, which included information about nationality back to the third generation of ancestors. We studied a total genomic DNA, which was extracted from blood serum by non-enzymatic method. An amplification of DNA loci was performed by polymerase-chain reaction using an automatic thermocycler «Biometra» with «SNP-экспресс», «Litex» reagents. The results of our research indicated an imbalance of nutritional habits with domination of protein-lipid dietary compounds in adolescents of native and alien population ofEastern Siberia. We found differentiated contributions ofinsertion-deletional polymorphism of apolipoprotein A1 gene. We did no found differences of frequency response of alleles and genotypes. We found a positive linkofapolipoprotein Al gene deletion with increased level ofcholesterine, very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides as so as with elevation ofnumbers ofblood pressure indexes in the adolescents ofthe alien ethnogroup. We did not found such kind of links in adolescents of the native ethnogroup that, as we suppose, may be a reflection of the evolutionary developed nutritional stereotype with some predominance oflipid-protein dietary component. Developed through the millennia such kind ofdiet in the indigenous population of the North and Siberia is a response to cold stress and underlies formation ofthe genotype, which aimed to developing a biochemical phenotype with ability to compensate this nutritional atherogenic imbalance

Кардиопротекторное действие триметазидина при ушибе сердца (экспериментальное исследование)

Objective: to study the efficiency of pre-administration of trimetazidine in experimental cardiac contusion in order to lower the degree of posttraumatic myocardial dysfunction. Materials and methods: experiments were carried out on non-inbred albino male rats anesthetized with sodium thiopental. Cardiac contusion was reproduced by an original device that imitated a blow of the steering wheel to the anterior chest, as that observed when a moving car clashes against an obstacle. Some animals were traumatized after preadministration of trimetazidine (25 mg/kg intraperi-toneally). An electrocardiogram, left carotid blood pressure, an integral rheogram, and the first derivative of a differential rheogram were recorded in the direct fashion prior to cardiac contusion simulation and in different posttraumatic periods. Stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral vascular resistance were calculated. Results. Preinjection of trimetazidine significantly prevented the development of arrhythmias in the early posttraumatic period and improved systemic hemodynamic parameters: stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure, and total peripheral vascular resistance. No death case within the first hour of a posttraumatic period was an integral criterion for the efficiency of preventive use of trimetazidine in cardiac contusion. Conclusion: trimetazidine produces a cardioprotective effect in experimental cardiac contusion, which shows it possible to clinically use the agent and provides indirect evidence that the ischemically hypoxic mechanism is involved in cardiac traumatic lesion. Key words: experimental cardiac contusion, central hemodynamics, arrhythmias, trimetazidine.Цель исследования . Изучить эффективность предварительного введения триметазидина при экспериментальном ушибе сердца с целью уменьшения выраженности посттравматической миокардиальной дисфункции. Материал и методы. Эксперименты выполнены на белых беспородных крысах-самцах, наркотизированных тиопенталом натрия. Ушиб сердца воспроизводили с помощью оригинального устройства, имитирующего удар передней грудной стенки о стойку руля при столкновении движущегося автомобиля с препятствием. У части животных травма наносилась после предварительного введения триметазидина (25 мг/кг массы внутрибрюшинно). До моделирования ушиба сердца, а также в различные сроки посттравматического периода регистрировали электрокардиограмму, АД в левой сонной артерии прямым методом, интегральную реограмму и первую производную дифференциальной реограммы. Рассчитывали ударный объем сердца, минутный объем сердца, общее периферическое сопротивление сосудов. Результаты и обсуждение. Предварительное введение триметазидина в значительной степени предотвращало развитие аритмий в раннем посттравматическом периоде, а также улучшало показатели системной гемодинамики: ударный объем, минутный объем сердца, артериальное давление, общее периферическое сопротивление сосудов. Интегральным критерием эффективности профилактического использования триметазидина при ушибе сердца явилось отсутствие летальности в течение первого часа посттравматического периода. Заключение: триметазидин оказывает кардиопротекторное действие при экспериментальном ушибе сердца, что обосновывает возможность клинического применения препарата, а также косвенно свидетельствует об участии ишемически-гипоксического механизма в травматическом повреждении сердца. Ключевые слова: экспериментальный ушиб сердца, центральная гемодинамика, аритмии, триметазидин

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF REGIONAL FEATURES OF AVERAGE VALUES OF SP AND DP IN AGE AND ETHNOSEXUAL ASPECT

4615 children have been screened: 2410 [52.2 %] are Russians, and 2205 [47.8 %] are Buryats; 2159 [46,8 %] of them are boys, and2454 [53,2 %] are girls. The widely spread risk factors of arterial hypertension development are heritable heart diseases, smoking (including passive smoking), overweight, as well as a sedentary way of life in different sex, age and ethnic groups. The results of the screening showed that the hypodynamia are more typical for city-dwellers, than for villagers. It is proved that high blood pressure prevalence is dependent on the phase of sexual development of girls belonging to both ethnic groups

Течение посттравматического периода при ушибе сердца (экспериментальное исследование)

Objective: to study the efficiency of pre-administration of hypoxen in experimental cardiac contusion in order to lower the degree of posttraumatic myocardial dysfunction. Materials and methods: experiments were carried out on non-inbred albino male rats anesthetized with sodium thiopental. Cardiac contusion was reproduced by an original device that imitated a blow of the steering wheel to the anterior chest, as that observed when a moving car clashes against an obstacle. Some animals were traumatized after pre-administration of hypoxen. An electrocardiogram, left carotid blood pressure (BP), an integral rheogram, and the first derivative of a differential rheogram were recorded prior to cardiac contusion simulation and in different posttraumatic periods. Stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral vascular resistance were calculated. Results. Preinjection of hypoxen completely prevented the development of sinus arrhythmia, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, and intraatrial and intraventricular conduction disturbances, irrespective of the baseline BP. In a subgroup of animals with a baseline low BP, the agent reduced the incidence of bradycardia by 1.5 times, heterotopic rhythms by 5.3 times, ventricular premature contractions by 6 times, atrioventricular (AV) block by 5.3 times and diminished the changes in the terminal of a ventricular complex by 6.3 times. In a subgroup of animals with baseline normal BP, bradycardia and heterotopic rhythms were recorded 2 and 7 times more infrequently recorded; ventricular premature beats, AV block, and ST-segment displacement were present in none case. Preinjection of hypoxen improved myocardial contractility, as evidenced by 17—25% SV increases within an hour posttraumatically. However, significant arterial hypotension and lowered CO due to bradycardia in most experimental animals during the preinjection of hypoxen before injury and throughout the posttraumatic period caused a ten-fold increase in mortality rates as compared with the non-hypoxen group. Conclusion. The hemodynamic effects of hypoxen can substantially limit the possibility of using the agent to diminish the degree of posttraumatic cardiac dysfunction. Key words: experimental cardiac contusion, central hemodynamics, hypoxen.Цель исследования — изучить эффективность предварительного введения гипоксена при экспериментальном ушибе сердца с целью уменьшения выраженности посттравматической миокардиальной дисфункции. Материал и методы. Эксперименты выполнены на белых беспородных крысах-самцах, наркотизированных тиопенталом натрия. Ушиб сердца воспроизводили с помощью оригинального устройства, имитирующего удар передней грудной стенки о стойку руля при столкновении движущегося автомобиля с препятствием. У части животных травму наносили после предварительного введения гипоксена. До моделирования ушиба сердца, а также в различные сроки посттравматического периода регистрировали электрокардиограмму, АД в левой сонной артерии прямым методом, интегральную реограмму и первую производную дифференциальной реограммы. Рассчитывали ударный объем (УО) и минутный объем сердца (МОС), общее периферическое сопротивление сосудов (ОПСС). Результаты. Предварительное введение гипоксена полностью предотвращало развитие синусовой аритмии, пароксизмальной желудочковой тахикардии, нарушений внутрипредсердной и внутрижелудочковой проводимости независимо от исходного уровня АД. В подгруппе животных с исходно низким уровнем АД препарат уменьшал частоту возникновения брадикардии в 1,5 раза, гетеротопных ритмов — в 5,3 раза, экстрасистолии — в 6 раз, АВ-блокад — в 5,3 раза, изменения конечной части желудочкового комплекса — в 6,3 раза. В подгруппе с исходно нормальным уровнем АД брадикардия регистрировалась в 2 раза реже, гетеротопные ритмы — в 7 раз реже, ни в одном случае не регистрировались экстрасисто-лия, АВ-блокады и смещение сегмента ST. Предварительное введение гипоксена улучшало сократительную функцию миокарда, о чем свидетельствовало увеличение УО на 17—25% в течение 1 ч посттравматического периода. Однако выраженная артериальная гипотензия и снижение МОС за счет брадикардии у большей части экспериментальных животных на фоне предварительного введения гипоксена как до травмы, так и в течение всего посттравматического периода привели к десятикратному увеличению показателя летальности по сравнению с группой без использования гипоксена. Заключение. Гемодинамические эффекты гипоксена могут существенно ограничивать возможность использования препарата с целью уменьшения выраженности посттравматической дисфункции сердца. Ключевые слова: экспериментальный ушиб сердца, центральная гемодинамика, гипоксен