Synthesis of chiral ferrocenylazines. Negishi cross-coupling or S N H reactions?

Preparation of new hetaryl-containing planar chiral ferrocene by a nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in azines was performed using a lithium derivative of (S)-ferrocenyl-p-tolylsulfoxide as s nucleophilic reagent © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Juvenile Offenders: Reasons and Characteristics of Criminal Behavior

The article examines the phenomenon of “juvenile delinquency”, assesses its actual state and establishes the tendencies of its manifestations. Juvenile delinquency in Ukraine as a part of crime in a broad sense arises and develops under the influence of certain determinants. The study of the causes and conditions of juvenile delinquency remains relevant today, which indicates the special danger of this kind of crime for the development of society. The purpose of the article is to study the state of the problem in Ukraine and the experience of other countries in minimising the criminal behaviour of minors in the process of property and non-property relations. The leading approach that was used when writing the article is the comparison and analysis of modern materials on the problems of criminal behaviour of criminals who have not reached the age of majority. As a result, it was possible to identify the social characteristics of juvenile criminals and the reasons for their criminal behaviour. Considerable attention is paid to the factors influencing the commission of crimes: a dysfunctional family, shortcomings of the educational process, the problem of alcohol and drug use by minors. In addition, some directions for the prevention of juvenile delinquency were developed. The applied value is the ability to change legislation in terms of work and correction of minor criminals’ behaviour

Carácter económico de la competencia: enfoques metodológicos generales del problema

In the period of structural and qualitative changes in the Russian economy, the development of the labor market and the educational services market, the effectiveness of economic education is largely determined by the level of formation of economic competencies of students. The development of the diversification process required bringing the education system in line with the requirements of market relations, the principles of alternatives and variability, ensuring the quality of education, which is the most important condition for the specialist’s demand in the labor market. The target component of the model of formation of students’ economic competences by definition includes the goals and objectives of economic training. The increased demand for economic knowledge has led to new forms of economic education. The activity component in the model of formation of economic competencies focuses on the fact that in the domestic system of education in relation to the vocational school there was a long-term practice of compiling the qualification characteristics of a specialist, which fixed the requirements for knowledge, skills and abilities of graduates of various specialties, where in addition to the knowledge paradigm there were the terms “readiness”, “ability”, “responsibility”, “understanding” and “worldview”, expanding the close framework of such a paradigm. The main idea of the activity approach in education is not connected with the activity itself, but with the activity as a means of formation and development of the student’s personality. The content component of the model involves the formation of students’ economic competencies in the form of key, professional and additional economic competencies at different levels of professional education, taking into account training in economic and non-economic specialties.En el período de cambios estructurales y cualitativos en la economía rusa, el desarrollo del mercado laboral y el mercado de servicios educativos, la efectividad de la educación económica está determinada en gran medida por el nivel de formación de competencias económicas de los estudiantes. El desarrollo del proceso de diversificación requirió alinear el sistema educativo con los requisitos de las relaciones de mercado, los principios de alternativas y variabilidad, asegurando la calidad de la educación, que es la condición más importante para la demanda del especialista en el mercado laboral. El componente objetivo del modelo de formación de las competencias económicas de los estudiantes, por definición, incluye las metas y objetivos de la formación económica. La mayor demanda de conocimiento económico ha llevado a nuevas formas de educación económica. El componente de actividad en el modelo de formación de competencias económicas se centra en el hecho de que en el sistema educativo interno en relación con la escuela vocacional había una práctica a largo plazo de recopilar las características de calificación de un especialista, que fijaba los requisitos de conocimiento, habilidades y destrezas de graduados de diversas especialidades, donde además del paradigma del conocimiento existían los términos “preparación”, “habilidad”, “responsabilidad”, “comprensión” y “visión del mundo”, ampliando el marco cercano de tal paradigma. La idea principal del enfoque de la actividad en la educación no está relacionada con la actividad en sí, sino con la actividad como un medio de formación y desarrollo de la personalidad del alumno. El componente de contenido del modelo implica la formación de competencias económicas de los estudiantes en forma de competencias económicas clave, profesionales y adicionales en diferentes niveles de educación profesional, teniendo en cuenta la capacitación en especialidades económicas y no económicas

Countering corruption in the context of digitalisation: criminal and criminological aspects

Purpose: In today’s world, the prevention and detection of corruption offences are becoming increasingly important. The most important tasks are to create an intolerant public attitude towards this phenomenon, to monitor it in dynamics and to develop new ways of combating it, responding to the development and improvement of criminal techniques. The purpose of this paper is to study the practice of introducing e-customs, the possible prospects related to the creation of an intellectual customs office. Design/methodology/approach: An analytical method was used, including the study of scientific literature and publications, current legislation, statistics, customs plans and practices and foreign experience. Findings: It is indicated that the variability of the nature and methods of committing crimes in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution makes it appropriate to formulate corruption as a formal offence. Practical implications: This study may be of use to students and academics, as well as practitioners in customs, law enforcement agencies and legislative bodies. Originality/value: Suggestions have been made to improve approaches to planning work towards digitalisation in the customs sector, in terms of analysing and considering the potential for corruption-proneness and anti-corruption potential of innovations, exploring the use of blockchain for conducting procedures, maintaining registers and other record-keeping systems. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited