3,300 research outputs found
A Complete Version of the Glauber Theory for Elementary Atom - Target Atom Scattering and Its Approximations
A general formalism of the Glauber theory for elementary atom (EA) - target
atom (TA) scattering is developed. A second-order approximation of its complete
version is considered in the framework of the optical-model perturbative
approach. A `potential' approximation of a second-order optical model is
formulated neglecting the excitation effects of the TA. Its accuracy is
evaluated within the second-order approximation for the complete version of the
Glauber EA-TA scattering theory.Comment: PDFLaTeX, 10 pages, no figures; an updated versio
The effects of rhythmic sensory cues on the temporal dynamics of human gait
Walking is a complex, rhythmic task performed by the locomotor system. However, natural gait rhythms can be influenced by metronomic auditory stimuli, a phenomenon of particular interest in neurological rehabilitation. In this paper, we examined the effects of aural, visual and tactile rhythmic cues on the temporal dynamics associated with human gait. Data were collected from fifteen healthy adults in two sessions. Each session consisted of five 15-minute trials. In the first trial of each session, participants walked at their preferred walking speed. In subsequent trials, participants were asked to walk to a metronomic beat, provided through visually, aurally, tactile or all three cues (simultaneously and in sync), the pace of which was set to the preferred walking speed of the first trial. Using the collected data, we extracted several parameters including: gait speed, mean stride interval, stride interval variability, scaling exponent and maximum Lyapunov exponent. The extracted parameters showed that rhythmic sensory cues affect the temporal dynamics of human gait. The auditory rhythmic cue had the greatest influence on the gait parameters, while the visual cue had no statistically significant effect on the scaling exponent. These results demonstrate that visual rhythmic cues could be considered as an alternative cueing modality in rehabilitation without concern of adversely altering the statistical persistence of walking. © 2012 Sejdić et al
Current and future treatments of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Therapeutic options for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have increased over the last decades. The advent of pharmacological therapies targeting the prostacyclin, endothelin, and NO pathways has significantly improved outcomes. However, for the vast majority of patients, PAH remains a life‐limiting illness with no prospect of cure. PAH is characterised by pulmonary vascular remodelling. Current research focusses on targeting the underlying pathways of aberrant proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Despite success in preclinical models, using a plethora of novel approaches targeting cellular GPCRs, ion channels, metabolism, epigenetics, growth factor receptors, transcription factors, and inflammation, successful transfer to human disease with positive outcomes in clinical trials is limited. This review provides an overview of novel targets addressed by clinical trials and gives an outlook on novel preclinical perspectives in PAH
Editorial: Environmental stressors, multi-hazards and their impact on health
[Extract] nvironmental stressors, such as air pollution, noise pollution, and chemical exposure, can adversely affect human health by increasing the risk of chronic diseases and mortality. The sixth assessment report of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported that the global temperature is projected to reach or exceed 1.5◦C of warming over the next 20 years, exacerbating exposure to environmental stressors. Air pollution alone is estimated to cause 4.2 million deaths annually, and most of the world’s population (99%) is exposed to air quality levels that exceed the WHO Air Quality Guidelines
Supergrassmannian and large N limit of quantum field theory with bosons and fermions
We study a large N_{c} limit of a two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory coupled
to bosons and fermions in the fundamental representation. Extending an approach
due to Rajeev we show that the limiting theory can be described as a classical
Hamiltonian system whose phase space is an infinite-dimensional
supergrassmannian. The linear approximation to the equations of motion and the
constraint yields the 't Hooft equations for the mesonic spectrum. Two other
approximation schemes to the exact equations are discussed.Comment: 24 pages, Latex; v.3 appendix added, typos corrected, to appear in
JM
Simulating Radiating and Magnetized Flows in Multi-Dimensions with ZEUS-MP
This paper describes ZEUS-MP, a multi-physics, massively parallel, message-
passing implementation of the ZEUS code. ZEUS-MP differs significantly from the
ZEUS-2D code, the ZEUS-3D code, and an early "version 1" of ZEUS-MP distributed
publicly in 1999. ZEUS-MP offers an MHD algorithm better suited for
multidimensional flows than the ZEUS-2D module by virtue of modifications to
the Method of Characteristics scheme first suggested by Hawley and Stone
(1995), and is shown to compare quite favorably to the TVD scheme described by
Ryu et. al (1998). ZEUS-MP is the first publicly-available ZEUS code to allow
the advection of multiple chemical (or nuclear) species. Radiation hydrodynamic
simulations are enabled via an implicit flux-limited radiation diffusion (FLD)
module. The hydrodynamic, MHD, and FLD modules may be used in one, two, or
three space dimensions. Self gravity may be included either through the
assumption of a GM/r potential or a solution of Poisson's equation using one of
three linear solver packages (conjugate-gradient, multigrid, and FFT) provided
for that purpose. Point-mass potentials are also supported. Because ZEUS-MP is
designed for simulations on parallel computing platforms, considerable
attention is paid to the parallel performance characteristics of each module.
Strong-scaling tests involving pure hydrodynamics (with and without
self-gravity), MHD, and RHD are performed in which large problems (256^3 zones)
are distributed among as many as 1024 processors of an IBM SP3. Parallel
efficiency is a strong function of the amount of communication required between
processors in a given algorithm, but all modules are shown to scale well on up
to 1024 processors for the chosen fixed problem size.Comment: Accepted for publication in the ApJ Supplement. 42 pages with 29
inlined figures; uses emulateapj.sty. Discussions in sections 2 - 4 improved
per referee comments; several figures modified to illustrate grid resolution.
ZEUS-MP source code and documentation available from the Laboratory for
Computational Astrophysics at http://lca.ucsd.edu/codes/currentcodes/zeusmp2
Travel-Related Monkeypox Outbreaks in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Are We Prepared?
Several neglected infectious pathogens, such as the monkeypox virus (MPXV), have re-emerged in the last few decades, becoming a global health burden. Despite the incipient vaccine against MPXV infection, the global incidence of travel-related outbreaks continues to rise. About 472 confirmed cases have been reported in 27 countries as of 31 May 2022, the largest recorded number of cases outside Africa since the disease was discovered in the early 1970s
- …