ASSOCIATION OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME CONSTITUENTS WITH MARKERS OF SUBCLINICAL TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE DURING FOLLOW-UP OF INTELLECTUAL LABORERS

Aim. To evaluate the relation of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its constituents with markers of subclinical damage of target organs (TOD) in follow-up of almost healthy intellectual laborers.Material and methods. From the selection of 1600 employees of a bank we randomly selected 383 with at least one component of MS without cardiovascular disorders, of those by the end of 2 years period 331 came to final visit (response 86%). Mean age 46,6±9,0 y., mostly women (214 (64,6%)). All patients underwent anthropometry, blood pressure measurement (BP), lipids investigation, creatinine and fasting glucose, echocardiography with the assessment of the left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH), ultrasound study of carotid arteries (intima-media complex thickness — CIM, and atherosclerotic plaques), vascular rigidity assessment, anklebrachial index, albumin concentration in single portion of urine at both stages of observation.Results. While performing multiple logistic regression, presence of arterial hypertension (AH) associated with increased probability of LVH, thickening of CIM and higher vessel rigidity in standardization by gender and age. Relation of MS with the markers of TOD has not been found. In 2 years of follow-up there was a significant increase of patients with thickening of CIM (from 81 (24,5%) to 146 (44,1%), p<0,001) and decrease of LVH prevalence (from 154 (46,7%) to 109 (32,9%), p=0,003) together with significant decrease of BP and total cholesterol.Conclusion. Presence of AH is associated with higher probability of LVH and increased vessel rigidity, as atherosclerotic changes in carotid arteries. MS was not related with an increased prevalence of TOD, and the main predetermining factors for structural heart abnormalities, the vessels and kidneys, were gender and age. In 2 years of observation there was markedly decreased number of patients with LVH and kidney dysfunction at the background of BP pattern improvement, and increase of the number of patients with thicker CIM, regardless of a decrease of the hypercholesterolemia patients. In MS patients there was more common to use antihypertension treatments, that led to more prominent LVH regression

Індивідуалізована хірургічна тактика при синдромі діабетичної стопи

The aim of the work: to develop an individualized algorithm for surgical treatment of patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). Materials and Methods. The comprehensive clinical study covers 123 cases of surgical treatment of DFS (patients of various degrees according to the PEDIS classification, I–V stages according to F. Wagner, with mild, moderate, severe infection according to IDSA). The development of the algorithm of surgical activity in DFS was carried out according to the recommendations of the Institute for Algorithmic Medicine (Houston, USA), using software (HTML/XML/GMT) package Document Exploration and Linking Tool/ ddons (DELTA) developed by Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems, Information Angi­neering Group, Vienna, Austria. Results and Discussion. Angiographic or technical success of endovascular interventions, which leads to a significant increase in the lumen of the vessel in the area of ​​stenosis or occlusion, was obtained in 94.3 % of cases. The technical success of balloon angioplasty was observed in almost all cases; the slightly worse angiographic results were obtained with interventions on several arteries of the shin – 55.0–94.1 % of successful angioplasties. In ischemic and mixed neuroischemic forms, most patients were able to compensate for critical ischemia by performing vascular interventions. The proposed algorithm of surgical interventions for DFS requires further study under conditions of greater randomization and expansion of the cohort of patients.Цель работы: разработать индивидуализированный метод хирургического лечения больных синдромом диабетической стопы (СДС). Материалы и методы. Комплексное клиническое исследование охватывает 123 случая хирургического лечения СДС (больные различной степени по классификации PEDIS, I–V стадий за F. Wagner, с легкой, умеренной, тяжелой инфекцией с IDSA). Разработку алгоритма хирургической активности при СДС осуществляли согласно рекомендациям Institute for Algorithmic Medicine (Хьюстон, США) с использованием программного (HTML / XML / GMT) пакета Document Exploration and Linking Tool / Addons (DELTA) разработанного Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems, Information Engineering Group, Vienna, Austria. Результаты исследований и их обсуждение. Ангиографический или технический успех эндоваскулярных вмешательств, что приводит к существенному увеличению просвета сосуда в зоне стеноза или окклюзии, был нами получен в 94,3 % наблюдений. Технический успех баллонной ангиопластики наблюдался практически во всех случаях, несколько хуже ангиографические результаты получены при вмешательствах на нескольких артериях голени – 55,0–94,1 % успешных ангиопластики. При ишемической и смешанной нейроишемической формах у большинства больных удавалось компенсировать критическую ишемию выполнением сосудистых вмешательств. Предложенный алгоритм хирургических вмешательств при СДС требует дальнейшего изучения в условиях большей рандомизации и расширения когорты пациентов.Мета роботи: розробити індивідуалізований алгоритм хірургічного лікування хворих на синдром діабетичної стопи (СДС). Матеріали і методи. Комплексне клінічне дослідження охоплює 123 випадки хірургічного лікування СДС (хворі різних ступенів за класифікацією PEDIS, І-V стадій за F. Wagner, з легкою, помірною, тяжкою інфекцією за IDSA). Розробку алгоритму хірургічної активності при СДС здійснювали згідно з рекомендаціями Institute for Algorithmic Medicine (Гʼюстон, США), з використанням програмного (HTML/XML/GMT) пакету Document Exploration and Linking Tool / Addons (DELTA), розробленого Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems, Information Engineering Group, Vienna, Austria. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Ангіографічний або технічний успіх ендоваскулярних втручань, що призводить до істотного збільшення просвіту судини в зоні стенозу або оклюзії, ми отримали в 94,3 % спостережень. Технічний успіх балонної ангіопластики спостерігали практично в усіх випадках, дещо гірші ангіографічні результати отримано при втручаннях на декількох артеріях гомілки – 55,0–94,1 % успішних ангіопластик. При ішемічній та змішаній нейроішемічній формах у більшості хворих вдавалося компенсувати критичну ішемію виконанням судинних втручань. Запропонований алгоритм хірургічних втручань при СДС потребує подальшого вивчення за умов більшої рандомізації та розширення когорти пацієнтів

An improvement of the Berry--Esseen inequality with applications to Poisson and mixed Poisson random sums

By a modification of the method that was applied in (Korolev and Shevtsova, 2009), here the inequalities $$\rho(F_n,\Phi)\le\frac{0.335789(\beta^3+0.425)}{\sqrt{n}}$$ and $$\rho(F_n,\Phi)\le \frac{0.3051(\beta^3+1)}{\sqrt{n}}$$ are proved for the uniform distance $\rho(F_n,\Phi)$ between the standard normal distribution function $\Phi$ and the distribution function $F_n$ of the normalized sum of an arbitrary number $n\ge1$ of independent identically distributed random variables with zero mean, unit variance and finite third absolute moment $\beta^3$. The first of these inequalities sharpens the best known version of the classical Berry--Esseen inequality since $0.335789(\beta^3+0.425)\le0.335789(1+0.425)\beta^3<0.4785\beta^3$ by virtue of the condition $\beta^3\ge1$, and 0.4785 is the best known upper estimate of the absolute constant in the classical Berry--Esseen inequality. The second inequality is applied to lowering the upper estimate of the absolute constant in the analog of the Berry--Esseen inequality for Poisson random sums to 0.3051 which is strictly less than the least possible value of the absolute constant in the classical Berry--Esseen inequality. As a corollary, the estimates of the rate of convergence in limit theorems for compound mixed Poisson distributions are refined.Comment: 33 page

Appointment of lipid-lowering therapy in the Russian population: comparison of SCORE and SCORE2 (according to the ESSE-RF study)

Aim. In 2021, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were published, where a new SCORE2 CVD risk assessment model was introduced. In our work, we compared approaches to determine the indications for initiating lipid-lowering therapy in the Russian population aged 25-64 years according to the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of lipid metabolism disorders of the Russian National Atherosclerosis Society (2020) and ESC guidelines for CVD prevention (2021).Material and methods. The ESSE-RF epidemiological study was conducted in 12 Russian regions. All participants signed informed consent and completed approved questionnaires. We performed anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements, as well as fasting blood sampling. In total, 20665 people aged 25-64 years were examined. The analysis included data from 19546 respondents (women, 12325 (63,1%)).Results. Of the 19546 participants, 3828 (19,6%) were classified as high or very high CV risk based on the 9 criteria: BP ≥180/110 mm Hg, total cholesterol &gt;8,0 mmol/l, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) &gt;4,9 mmol/l, lipid-lowering therapy, chronic kidney disease (CKD) with glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 ml/min/1,73 m2, type 2 diabetes, previous stroke and/or myocardial infarction. Of 3828 people, lipidlowering therapy was indicated in 3758 (98%) (criteria for LDL ≥1,8 mmol/l and LDL ≥1,4 mmol/l, respectively, high and very high risk). In addition, 5519 individuals aged &lt;40 years were excluded from further analysis due to the lower age threshold of models. For 10199 participants aged &gt;40 years without established CVD, diabetes, CKD, cardiovascular risk stratification was performed according to the SCORE and SCORE2. Of them, according to the Russian National Atherosclerosis Society (2020) and ESC 2021 guidelines, lipid-lowering therapy was indicated for 701 and 9487 participants, respectively.Conclusion. Using the new approach proposed by the ESC in 2021, the number of patients aged 40-64 years without CVD, diabetes and CKD with indications for lipidlowering therapy for primary prevention in Russia increases by 14 times compared with the 2020 Russian National Atherosclerosis Society guidelines

THE ASSOCIATION OF DEPRESSION WITH C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (THE DATA OF ESSE-RF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY)

Aim. To study the association of depression with a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level, taking into account the main risk factors and noncommunicable diseases in Russia residents.Material and methods. The data of ESSE-RF multicenter study (a representative sample of the unorganized male and female population aged 25-64 years from 8 regions surveyed in 2012-2014) were used in the work. A total 11884 people were involved into the study including 35.9% men. The examination included a survey on the standard questionnaire containing data on disease history, etc. The level of depression was assessed by the validated in Russian Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, 1983). hsCRP level was determined in all patients.Results. The continuing association between elevated levels of depression (HADS-D ≥8+) and high level of hsCRP ≥3.0 mg/l (odds ratio [OR] 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.27; p=0.009) was found in the multivariate model, after adjustment for sex, age, education, and risk factors. Reducing of the relationship of elevated levels of depression with a high level of hsCRP (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00-1.24; p=0.048) was found with the additional introduction of diseases in the model. This relationship was reduced to not statistically significant level (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.98-1.20; p=0.134) in the full model adjusted for regions.Conclusion. The reduced association of depression with hsCRP ajusted for aggregate risk factors was found in the study. This suggests about multifactor affecting on this relationship

The influence of antyhypertensive therapy of valsartan and fixed combination with hydrochlorothiazide use on pulse-wave velocity and central arterial pressure in patients with arterial hypertension of 1-2 grades in international VICTORY clinical trial

Objective - to explore influence of valsartan monotherapy use and its use in combination with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and central arterial pressure (CAP) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) of 1-2 grades in international VICTORY clinical trial. Materials and methods. The international multicenter prospective randomized clinical study VICTORY that lasted for 16 weeks included patients with 1-2 grades AH. In patients who previously received antihypertensive therapy a 7 days washout period was carried out. All patients started their therapy with 80 mg valsartan (Valsacor®, KRKA, Slovenia); in Russia the starter dose of Valsacor®, KRKA was 160 mg in previously treated patients that did not influence the study results. If after 4 weeks of treatment BP was more than 140/90 mm hg (more than 130/80 mm hg in high risk patients or in diabetes mellitus patients) the dose of valsartan was increased to 160 mg (320 mg in Russia) or diuretic in fixed combination with valsartan was added (160 mg valsartan/12.5 mg HCTZ): Valsacor® H 160 (KRKA, Slovenia). If target BP after 8 weeks of treatment was not reached valsartan dose was increased to 320 mg or fixed combination of valsartan and diuretic (160 mg/12.5 mg) was used. If target BP after 12 weeks of treatment was not reached - valsartan and diuretic 320 mg/12.5 mg were used. PWV and CAP (SphygmoCor®, AtCorMedical) were assessed at baseline and after 16 weeks of treatment. The primary endpoints were assessment of the impact of studied medications on aortic stiffness, aortic augmentation index and comparison of absolute medians of reached central and peripheral BP reduction with baseline value. Results. Of 365 patients included in the study 74 were included in PWV and CAP study subgroup. Valsartan and its combination with HCTZ were effective in CBP reduction. The mean absolute reduction of central systolic and diastolic BP after 16 weeks of treatment was 19.7±12.9 mm hg and 13.9±8.5 mm hg, respectively (

ОЦЕНКА ПРИВЕРЖЕННОСТИ К ЗДОРОВОМУ ОБРАЗУ ЖИЗНИ СРЕДИ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНО ПРАКТИКУЮЩИХ ВРАЧЕЙ И ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ (СТУДЕНТОВ-МЕДИКОВ, ИНТЕРНОВ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ОРДИНАТОРОВ)

Introduction. The role of healthy lifestyles in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases is very important. Lifestyle of medical personnel, especially future doctors, may have great influence on healthy lifestyle compliance of patients. The objective of our study was to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among doctors and students of medical educational institutions who underwent screening during The Russian Congress of Cardiology in 2016. Material and methods. During the Russian National Congress of Cardiology (Ekaterinburg, 20-23 September 2016), the participants were screened for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Participants filled out the questionnaire on the social status, nutrition, physical activity, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, therapy. Anthropometry was performed in accordance with standard procedures. Blood pressure (BP) was measured on the right hand in a sitting position after a 5-minute rest with the automatic tonometer OMRON (Japan). The level of cholesterol and blood glucose was measured by express method using EasyTouch® GCHb (Taiwan). Results. The screening included 535 participants aged 18-78 years, the majority of whom (80 %) were women. There were 193 students, 342 doctors. Compared with students, doctors were significantly more likely to have sufficient intake of vegetables, fruits (50 vs 70 %) and fish (76 vs 88%), p&lt;0.05, and comparable levels of salt overtaking (39 vs 34 %) and hypodynamia (35% in both groups). Only 10% of students and 7% of doctors smoked. The expected increase in the prevalence of biological risk factors in accordance with the age was significantly more common in doctors: hypercholesterolemia (63 vs 30 %), hyperglycemia (25 vs 14 %), hypertension (36 vs 5 %), obesity (according to WC – 45 vs 10 %, according to BMI – 19 vs 6 %), p&lt;0.05. The profile of the most common risk factors did not differ among doctors and students: hypercholesterolemia and overweight in both groups took the leading positions. Also in accordance with the age, there were more often complaints of snoring-24% in doctors and 7% in students.Conclusion. The students had a less favorable profile of behavioral factors in diet compared to doctors, and despite of the expected age differences, a high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and overweight was revealed. Obviously, it is necessary to strengthen educational work in this area at the stage of training of nurses and doctors to preserve the health of both medical personnel and their patients.Введение. Роль здорового образа жизни в рамках профилактики развития хронических неинфекционных заболеваний очень важна. Большое влияние на приверженность пациентов к здоровому образу жизни может иметь образ жизни медицинского персонала и, особенно, будущих врачей.Цель исследования – сравнить распространенность сердечно-сосудистых факторов риска среди врачей и студентов медицинских образовательных учреждений, прошедших скрининговое обследование во время Российского кардиологического конгресса в 2016 г. Материал и методы. Во время Национального конгресса кардиологов (г. Екатеринбург, 20–23 сентября 2016 г.) участники были скринированы на предмет наличия сердечно-сосудистых факторов риска. Участники заполнили опросник относительно социального статуса, характера питания и двигательной активности, статуса курения, частоты потребляемого алкоголя, приема терапии. Антропометрия выполнялась в соответствии со стандартными процедурами. Артериальное давление (АД) измерялось на правой руке в сидячем положении после 5-минутного отдыха автоматическим тонометром OMRON (Япония). Уровень холестерина и глюкозы крови измеряли экспресс-методом с помощью EasyTouch® GCHb (Тайвань).Результаты исследования. В рамках скрининга были обследованы 535 участников в возрасте 18–78 лет, большинство из которых (80 %) составили женщины. Студентов было 193, врачей – 342. По сравнению со студентами у врачей значимо чаще отмечалось достаточное потребление овощей, фруктов (50 vs 70 %) и рыбы (76 vs 88 %), р&lt;0,05, и сопоставимый уровень злоупотребления солью (39 vs 34 %) и гиподинамии (35 % в обеих группах). Лишь 10 % студентов и 7 % врачей курили. Ожидаемым был рост распространенности биологических факторов риска с возрастом – у врачей значимо чаще встречалась гиперхолестеринемия (63 vs 30 %), гипергликемия (25 vs 14 %), артериальная гипертензия (36 vs 5 %), ожирение (согласно ОТ – 45 vs 10 %, согласно ИМТ – 19 vs 6 %), р&lt;0,05. Профиль наиболее часто встречающихся факторов риска был сопоставим у врачей и студентов: лидирующие позиции заняли гиперхолестеринемия и избыточная масса тела в обеих группах. Также с возрастом чаще отмечались жалобы на храп – 24 % для врачей и 7 % для студентов.Заключение. У студентов был отмечен менее благоприятный профиль поведенческих факторов в области питания по сравнению с врачами, и, несмотря на ожидаемые возрастные различия, была отмечена достаточно высокая распространенность гиперхолестеринемии и избыточной массы тела. Очевидно, необходимо усилить просветительскую работу в данной сфере на этапе обучения среднего медперсонала и врачей для сохранения здоровья как медицинского персонала, так и их пациентов.