MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSES FOR PEDAGOGICAL STAFF TRAINING

Introduction. At the present time much attention of the society is fixed more and more to the problem of qualification improvement of pedagogical staff on account of total informatization of society, cardinal technological changes, becoming stronger interrelation of education, science and production, and active introduction in practice of professional standards. The existing system of professional development of pedagogical staff stands in need of reorganization and modernization. The search of the formats corresponding to modern realities, models and technologies of continuous training and retraining of education experts is becoming urgent today.The aim of the article is to show the possibilities of innovative forms of distance learning, realized in the form of a massive open online course (MOOC), for the training and continuous training of pedagogical staff. Methodology and research methods. The methods involve system-based analysis, synthesis, and generalization. Results and scientific novelty. The concept «mass open online course» (MOOC) is clarified. MOOC is considered as a form of electronic distance training carried out on the basis of educational multimedia content, and wherein a large number of participants are involved online. The advantages of MOOC in the organization of hybrid forms of distance learning are shown: these online courses enable to combine planned online interactions of students with lecturers and tutors; mass discussions on topical professional subjects; offline study of records of training materials, and independent participants’ online coursework.The model of professional development of pedagogical staff on the basis of MOOC and realization of the principles of open education is presented: open platform, open schedule, open training, and open certification. The main approaches to the formation of new educational environment based on MOOC are designated as an innovative platform of preparation and professional development of pedagogical staff. The experience of Togliatti State University of MOOC approbation is briefly summarized.Practical significance. The authors consider MOOC as a future-oriented form of e-learning in network professional communities. The proposed innovative model of professional development of pedagogical staff allows to quickly realize the progressive pedagogical ideas, and to apply the tutorials created on the basis of modern information and communication tools. This model can be used by managers of inter-industry institutes of professional development and professional retraining of personnel.  Введение. В условиях тотальной информатизации общества, кардинальных технологических изменений, укрепляющейся взаимосвязи образования, науки и производства, активного внедрения в практику профессиональных стандартов все более пристальным становится внимание общества к проблеме подготовки и совершенствования квалификации кадров. Существующая система повышения квалификации педагогических работников нуждается в реорганизации и модернизации. Актуальным становится поиск соответствующих современным реалиям форматов, моделей и технологий непрерывного обучения и переобучения специалистов сферы образования. Цель статьи – показать возможности инновационной технологии организации дистанционного обучения в виде массовых открытых онлайн-курсов (МООКов), предназначенных для повышения квалификации педагогов. Методы исследования. В ходе работы использовались методы системного анализа, синтез и обобщение. Описан эксперимент по разработке и апробации онлайн-курсов. Результаты и научная новизна. Уточнено понятие «массовый открытый онлайн-курс», рассматриваемое как форма электронного удаленного обучения, которое осуществляется на базе образовательного мультимедийного контента и в котором в интерактивном режиме участвует большое количество слушателей. Показаны преимущества МООК в организации гибридных форм дистанционного обучения: подобные курсы позволяют сочетать плановые онлайн-взаимодействия обучающихся с лекторами и тьюторами, массовые дискуссии на злободневные профессиональные темы, офлайн-изучение записей учебных материалов и самостоятельную сетевую работу слушателей. Представлена модель повышения квалификации педагогических кадров на основе МООК и реализации принципов открытого образования: открытой платформы, открытого расписания, открытого обучения, открытой аттестации. Обозначены основные подходы к формированию новой образовательной среды с использованием МООК как инновационной платформы подготовки и повышения квалификации педагогических кадров. Кратко изложен опыт апробации МООКов, разработанных в Тольяттинском государственном университете. Практическая значимость. Авторы убеждены, что массовые открытые онлайн-курсы – перспективная форма электронного обучения в сетевых профессиональных сообществах. Предложенная инновационная модель повышения квалификации педагогических кадров позволяет оперативно претворять в жизнь передовые педагогические идеи и применять средства обучения, созданные на основе современного информационного и коммуникационного инструментария. Данная технология может быть использована менеджерами межотраслевых институтов повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки кадров.

Role of Nitric Oxide Produced by Lactobacilli in Relaxation of Intestinal Smooth Muscles

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Application of NO-producing lactobacilli to a rat jejunum segment induced muscle relaxation that was potentiated after activation of bacterial NO production with NO synthase substrate L-arginine. Similar changes in the intestinal contractile activity were observed in response to exogenous NO formed by sodium nitroprusside. These results indicated the involvement of NO synthesized by probiotic lactobacilli in the regulation of the intestinal motor function

Role of Nitric Oxide Produced by Lactobacilli in Relaxation of Intestinal Smooth Muscles

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York Application of NO-producing lactobacilli to a rat jejunum segment induced muscle relaxation that was potentiated after activation of bacterial NO production with NO synthase substrate L-arginine. Similar changes in the intestinal contractile activity were observed in response to exogenous NO formed by sodium nitroprusside. These results indicated the involvement of NO synthesized by probiotic lactobacilli in the regulation of the intestinal motor function

Role of Nitric Oxide Produced by Lactobacilli in Relaxation of Intestinal Smooth Muscles

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Application of NO-producing lactobacilli to a rat jejunum segment induced muscle relaxation that was potentiated after activation of bacterial NO production with NO synthase substrate L-arginine. Similar changes in the intestinal contractile activity were observed in response to exogenous NO formed by sodium nitroprusside. These results indicated the involvement of NO synthesized by probiotic lactobacilli in the regulation of the intestinal motor function

Observational Manifestations of the First Protogalaxies in the 21 cm Line

The absorption properties of the first low-mass protogalaxies (mini-halos) forming at high redshifts in the 21-cm line of atomic hydrogen are considered. The absorption properties of these protogalaxies are shown to depend strongly on both their mass and evolutionary status. The optical depths in the line reach $\sim$0.1-0.2 for small impact parameters of the line of sight. When a protogalaxy being compressed, the influence of gas accretion can be seen manifested in a non-monotonic frequency dependence of the optical depth. The absorption characteristics in the 21-cm line are determined by the thermal and dynamical evolution of the gas in protogalaxies. Since the theoretical line width in the observer's reference frame is 1-6 kHz and the expected separation between lines 8.4 kHz, the lines from low mass protogalaxies can be resolved using ongoing and future low frequency interferometers.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Метастатическое поражение кожи при меланоме

In order to evaluate the incidence, clinical features and prognosis of cutaneous tumor metastases, the records of adult patients with melanoma treated over a thirteen year period were examined. The diagnosis of Melanoma skin metastases was established in 221 (11,3%) of 1,948 patients. Each diagnosis was histologically confirmed by evaluation of both the primary tumor and the skin. Metastatic cutaneous melanoma presented with a wide variety of lesions: satellite, thrombophlebitis-like, inflammatory and nodular. In some cases the combination of satellite and nodular metastases was observed. Cancer patients with cutaneous metastases have a poor prognosis: the median survival of these patients is reduced by almost a half in comparison with cancer patients without cutaneous metastases.Для оценки частоты, клинических особенностей и прогноза кожных метастазов опухоли был произведен анализ данных за 13-летний период. Под наблюдением находилось 1948 пациентов с морфологически верифицированной меланомой, из которых у 221 (11,3%) пациентов были выявлены метастазы в кожу. В зависимости от клинической картины кожных метастазов меланомы и путей их метастазирования мы выделили следующие формы: сателлитная, тромбофлебическая, рожеподобная и узловая. В некоторых случаях диагностировали одновременно сателлитную и узловую формы. Медиана выживаемости больных меланомой с метастазами в кожу снижается почти вдвое по сравнению с пациентами с меланомой без кожных метастазов

Production of Bst polymerase for diagnosis of different infections using loop-mediated isothermal amplification

Introduction. The large fragment of DNA polymerase I from Geobacillus stearothermophilus GIM1.543 (Bst DNA polymerase) possesses 5'-3' DNA polymerase activity, 5'-3' displacement activity and high processivity. These properties make it possible to use Bst DNA polymerase in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which provides highly specific amplification of the target sequence and is used for rapid detection of agents causing human infectious diseases. The purpose of the study was to produce a recombinant Bst polymerase enzyme in the bacterial expression system and to assess its properties for LAMP-based diagnostics of infectious diseases. Materials and methods. Expression constructs carrying the Bst polymerase gene were obtained using genetic engineering techniques. Different Escherichia coli strains were used for protein expression. Metal-chelate and gel filtration chromatography techniques were used for protein purification. Catalytic characteristics of the enzyme were assessed in loop-mediated isothermal amplification reactions using AmpliSens SARS-CoV-2-IT, AmpliSens IAV-IT and AmpliSens IBV-IT diagnostic systems designed for high-quality detection of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza B virus (IBV) RNA, respectively. Results. The offered protocol for production, extraction and purification of recombinant Bst polymerase makes it possible to produce the enzyme in the bacterial expression system using E. coli cells in a soluble form and reaching the yield up to 20% of the total cell mass. In LAMP reactions, the obtained enzyme demonstrates activity comparable with that of the commercial enzyme Bst 2.0 (NEB). Conclusion. Considering the fast purification and production of the enzyme, the obtained recombinant Bst polymerase can be used in LAMP-based diagnostic kits

A randomized, phase III trial to evaluate rucaparib monotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer (ATHENA–MONO/GOG-3020/ENGOT-ov45)

PURPOSE: ATHENA (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03522246) was designed to evaluate rucaparib first-line maintenance treatment in a broad patient population, including those without BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA) mutations or other evidence of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), or high-risk clinical characteristics such as residual disease. We report the results from the ATHENA–MONO comparison of rucaparib versus placebo. METHODS: Patients with stage III-IV high-grade ovarian cancer undergoing surgical cytoreduction (R0/complete resection permitted) and responding to first-line platinum-doublet chemotherapy were randomly assigned 4:1 to oral rucaparib 600 mg twice a day or placebo. Stratification factors were HRD test status, residual disease after chemotherapy, and timing of surgery. The primary end point of investigator-assessed progression-free survival was assessed in a step-down procedure, first in the HRD population (BRCA-mutant or BRCA wild-type/loss of heterozygosity high tumor), and then in the intent-to-treat population. RESULTS: As of March 23, 2022 (data cutoff), 427 and 111 patients were randomly assigned to rucaparib or placebo, respectively (HRD population: 185 v 49). Median progression-free survival (95% CI) was 28.7 months (23.0 to not reached) with rucaparib versus 11.3 months (9.1 to 22.1) with placebo in the HRD population (log-rank P = .0004; hazard ratio [HR], 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.72); 20.2 months (15.2 to 24.7) versus 9.2 months (8.3 to 12.2) in the intent-to-treat population (log-rank P < .0001; HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.68); and 12.1 months (11.1 to 17.7) versus 9.1 months (4.0 to 12.2) in the HRD-negative population (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.95). The most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events were anemia (rucaparib, 28.7% v placebo, 0%) and neutropenia (14.6% v 0.9%). CONCLUSION: Rucaparib monotherapy is effective as first-line maintenance, conferring significant benefit versus placebo in patients with advanced ovarian cancer with and without HRD

Radiogenomic Mapping of Edema/Cellular Invasion MRI-Phenotypes in Glioblastoma Multiforme

Despite recent discoveries of new molecular targets and pathways, the search for an effective therapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) continues. A newly emerged field, radiogenomics, links gene expression profiles with MRI phenotypes. MRI-FLAIR is a noninvasive diagnostic modality and was previously found to correlate with cellular invasion in GBM. Thus, our radiogenomic screen has the potential to reveal novel molecular determinants of invasion. Here, we present the first comprehensive radiogenomic analysis using quantitative MRI volumetrics and large-scale gene- and microRNA expression profiling in GBM.Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), discovery and validation sets with gene, microRNA, and quantitative MR-imaging data were created. Top concordant genes and microRNAs correlated with high FLAIR volumes from both sets were further characterized by Kaplan Meier survival statistics, microRNA-gene correlation analyses, and GBM molecular subtype-specific distribution.The top upregulated gene in both the discovery (4 fold) and validation (11 fold) sets was PERIOSTIN (POSTN). The top downregulated microRNA in both sets was miR-219, which is predicted to bind to POSTN. Kaplan Meier analysis demonstrated that above median expression of POSTN resulted in significantly decreased survival and shorter time to disease progression (P<0.001). High POSTN and low miR-219 expression were significantly associated with the mesenchymal GBM subtype (P<0.0001).Here, we propose a novel diagnostic method to screen for molecular cancer subtypes and genomic correlates of cellular invasion. Our findings also have potential therapeutic significance since successful molecular inhibition of invasion will improve therapy and patient survival in GBM