THE BURDEN OF PSORIASIS ACROSS UNITED STATES: FINDINGS FROM THE 2019 GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASES STUDY AND FORECASTS FROM 2025 TO 2035

Background. Psoriasis is a concerned public health problem across the world. Previous studies have often concentrated on the disease burden globally and in MENA areas. However, the epidemiological patterns and burden of psoriasis in the US are still lacking. This study aims to assess the incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of RA in the US between 1990 and 2019, with a pattern prediction for the next ten years addressing the lack of comprehensive research on the disease's epidemiological patterns. Moreover, correlations between incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and SDI will be examined. Methods. The incidence, prevalence, and DALYs in the US were investigated by age, gender, SDI, and state using the data from Global burden disease (GBD). All estimates were generated using age-standardized rates per 100,000 individuals and rate change, with 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs). Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationships between incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and SDI. The forecast analysis was performed using R software, utilizing some of its packages. Results. The US experienced a decrease in psoriasis prevalence and incidence since 1990, with females experiencing a slightly higher decrease than men. However, US DALY rates have decreased, with males and females experiencing similar decreases. New York and Massachusetts had the highest rates, while Wyoming had the lowest. A significant positive correlation (modest power) was found between SDI and incidence, prevalence, and DALYs. The forecasting period (2025-2035) indicates that psoriasis incidence remains steady among young people of both ages, with a minor increase in elderly people. In terms of DALYs, both age groups expected a progressive decline in psoriasis. Conclusion. Psoriasis is still a major cause of health burden in the US with considerable differences extending between states. Updating accessible health data is required to provide more precise guidelines for the early identification and treatment of psoriasis

Incidence of COVID-19 among returning travelers in quarantine facilities: A longitudinal study and lessons learned

This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or be any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.Introduction: The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had resulted in an unpresented global pandemic. In the initial events, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia implemented mandatory quarantine of returning travelers in order to contain COVID-19 cases. Materials and methods: This is a longitudinal study of the arriving travelers to Quarantine facilities and the prevalence of positive SARS-CoV-2 as detected by RT-PCR. Results: During the study period, there was a total of 1928 returning travelers with 1273 (66%) males. The age range was 28 days–69 years. Of all the travelers, 23 (1.2%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of the first swab, 14/1928 (0.7%) tested positive. The positivity rate was 0.63% and 0.92% among males and females, respectively (P = 0.57). The second swab was positive in 9 (0.5%) of the other 1914 who were initially negative with a positivity rate of 0.39% and 0.62% among males and females, respectively (P = 0.49). There was no statistical difference in the positivity rates between first and second swab (P = 0.4). Of all travelers, 40 (n = 26, 1.3%) were admitted from the quarantine facility to the hospital due to COVID-19 related positive results or development of symptoms such as fever, cough, and respiratory symptoms; and 14 (0.7%) were admitted due to non-COVID-19 related illness. Conclusion: This study showed the efforts put for facility quarantine and that such activity yielded a lower incidence of positive cases. There was a need to have a backup healthcare facility to accommodate those developing a medical need for evaluation and admission for non-COVID-19 related illnesses

Breast cytology: reporting

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is widely used as first choice approach for the definition of the radiologically dubious or sospicious cases to confim their benign origin. Trieste's Breast Unit has been using FNAC as first morphological investigation for many years, in particular in 2008-2009, it was used as first diagnostic approach for 1835 cases (88.6%) out of 2091. The use of five diagnostic categories in cytology reporting has found wide acceptance among radiologists and surgeons, because it allows to apply to each lesiod, a precise diagnostic/terapeutic pathway and it represents, in oir experience, an essential element of the report itself

Interobserver reproducibility in pathologist interpretation of columnar-lined esophagus

Confirmation of endoscopically suspected esophageal metaplasia (ESEM) requires histology, but confusion in the histological definition of columnar-lined esophagus (CLE) is a longstanding problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate interpathologist variability in the interpretation of CLE. Thirty pathologists were invited to review three ten-case sets of CLE biopsies. In the first set, the cases were provided with descriptive endoscopy only; in the second and the third sets, ESEM extent using Prague criteria was provided. Moreover, participants were required to refer to a diagnostic chart for evaluation of the third set. Agreement was statistically assessed using Randolph's free-marginal multirater kappa. While substantial agreement in recognizing columnar epithelium (K\u2009=\u20090.76) was recorded, the overall concordance in clinico-pathological diagnosis was low (K\u2009=\u20090.38). The overall concordance rate improved from the first (K\u2009=\u20090.27) to the second (K\u2009=\u20090.40) and third step (K\u2009=\u20090.46). Agreement was substantial when diagnosing Barrett's esophagus (BE) with intestinal metaplasia or inlet patch (K\u2009=\u20090.65 and K\u2009=\u20090.89), respectively, in the third step, while major problems in interpretation of CLE were observed when only cardia/cardia-oxyntic atrophic-type epithelium was present (K\u2009=\u20090.05-0.29). In conclusion, precise endoscopic description and the use of a diagnostic chart increased consistency in CLE interpretation of esophageal biopsies. Agreement was substantial for some diagnostic categories (BE with intestinal metaplasia and inlet patch) with a well-defined clinical profile. Interpretation of cases with cardia/cardia-oxyntic atrophic-type epithelium, with or without ESEM, was least consistent, which reflects lack of clarity of definition and results in variable management of this entity

Interobserver reproducibility in pathologist interpretation of columnar-lined esophagus

Confirmation of endoscopically suspected esophageal metaplasia (ESEM) requires histology, but confusion in the histological definition of columnar-lined esophagus (CLE) is a longstanding problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate interpathologist variability in the interpretation of CLE. Thirty pathologists were invited to review three ten-case sets of CLE biopsies. In the first set, the cases were provided with descriptive endoscopy only; in the second and the third sets, ESEM extent using Prague criteria was provided. Moreover, participants were required to refer to a diagnostic chart for evaluation of the third set. Agreement was statistically assessed using Randolph's free-marginal multirater kappa. While substantial agreement in recognizing columnar epithelium (K = 0.76) was recorded, the overall concordance in clinico-pathological diagnosis was low (K = 0.38). The overall concordance rate improved from the first (K = 0.27) to the second (K = 0.40) and third step (K = 0.46). Agreement was substantial when diagnosing Barrett's esophagus (BE) with intestinal metaplasia or inlet patch (K = 0.65 and K = 0.89), respectively, in the third step, while major problems in interpretation of CLE were observed when only cardia/cardia-oxyntic atrophic-type epithelium was present (K = 0.05-0.29). In conclusion, precise endoscopic description and the use of a diagnostic chart increased consistency in CLE interpretation of esophageal biopsies. Agreement was substantial for some diagnostic categories (BE with intestinal metaplasia and inlet patch) with a well-defined clinical profile. Interpretation of cases with cardia/cardia-oxyntic atrophic-type epithelium, with or without ESEM, was least consistent, which reflects lack of clarity of definition and results in variable management of this entity

Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2016

[No abstract available