Book Review: The Financial Aid Handbook: Getting the Education You Want for the Price You Can Afford

The Financial Aid Handbook: Getting the Education You Want for the Price You Can Affordby Carol Stack and Ruth Vedik is a very timely publication due to the increased discussion regarding mounting student debt, the increasing cost of college, and the desire for more consumer information. The authors have a combined 70 years of experience in the college admission and financial aid fields, and currently work as principals at Hardwick-Day, an enrollment consulting firm that works with the admissions and financial aid offices of private colleges and universities. The Handbook, written primarily for high school students and their parents, presents its content in a way that allows students not only to learn the important information regarding college cost and financial aid, but also how this information can be utilized

Spire stimulates nucleation by Cappuccino and binds both ends of actin filaments.

The actin nucleators Spire and Cappuccino synergize to promote actin assembly, but the mechanism of their synergy is controversial. Together these proteins promote the formation of actin meshes, which are conserved structures that regulate the establishment of oocyte polarity. Direct interaction between Spire and Cappuccino is required for oogenesis and for in vitro synergistic actin assembly. This synergy is proposed to be driven by elongation and the formation of a ternary complex at filament barbed ends, or by nucleation and interaction at filament pointed ends. To mimic the geometry of Spire and Cappuccino in vivo, we immobilized Spire on beads and added Cappuccino and actin. Barbed ends, protected by Cappuccino, grow away from the beads while pointed ends are retained, as expected for nucleation-driven synergy. We found that Spire is sufficient to bind barbed ends and retain pointed ends of actin filaments near beads and we identified Spire's barbed-end binding domain. Loss of barbed-end binding increases nucleation by Spire and synergy with Cappuccino in bulk pyrene assays and on beads. Importantly, genetic rescue by the loss-of-function mutant indicates that barbed-end binding is not necessary for oogenesis. Thus, increased nucleation is a critical element of synergy both in vitro and in vivo

What\u27s in your Water: Chemical Compositions of Surface Waters in the Schenectady County Watershed

The Schoharie River and Hans Groot’s Kill are both tributaries into the Mohawk River. Thus, it is likely that they all have similar chemical compositions. One-third of the volume of the Mohawk River is contributed by the Schoharie River, while Hans Groot’s Kill also feeds into the Mohawk River after passing through the residential homes of the “GE Plot” and Union College. Some chemicals are naturally occuring while others are introduced to the bodies of water via anthropogenic products.https://digitalworks.union.edu/waterprojectposters/1004/thumbnail.jp

Forensic intelligence framework. Part II: study of the main generic building blocks and challenges through the examples of illicit drugs and false identity documents monitoring

The development of forensic intelligence relies on the expression of suitable models that better represent the contribution of forensic intelligence in relation to the criminal justice system, policing and security. Such models assist in comparing and evaluating methods and new technologies, provide transparency and foster the development of new applications. Interestingly, strong similarities between two separate projects focusing on specific forensic science areas were recently observed. These observations have led to the induction of a general model (Part I) that could guide the use of any forensic science case data in an intelligence perspective. The present article builds upon this general approach by focusing on decisional and organisational issues. The article investigates the comparison process and evaluation system that lay at the heart of the forensic intelligence framework, advocating scientific decision criteria and a structured but flexible and dynamic architecture. These building blocks are crucial and clearly lay within the expertise of forensic scientists. However, it is only part of the problem. Forensic intelligence includes other blocks with their respective interactions, decision points and tensions (e.g. regarding how to guide detection and how to integrate forensic information with other information). Formalising these blocks identifies many questions and potential answers. Addressing these questions is essential for the progress of the discipline. Such a process requires clarifying the role and place of the forensic scientist within the whole process and their relationship to other stakeholders

Understanding the unsteady pressure field inside combustion chambers of compression-ignited engines using a computational fluid dynamics approach

[EN] In this article, a numerical methodology for assessing combustion noise in compression ignition engines is described with the specific purpose of analysing the unsteady pressure field inside the combustion chamber. The numerical results show consistent agreement with experimental measurements in both the time and frequency domains. Nonetheless, an exhaustive analysis of the calculation convergence is needed to guarantee an independent solution. These results contribute to the understanding of in-cylinder unsteady processes, especially of those related to combustion chamber resonances, and their effects on the radiated noise levels. The method was applied to different combustion system configurations by modifying the spray angle of the injector, evidencing that controlling the ignition location through this design parameter, it is possible to decrease the combustion noise by minimizing the resonance contribution. Important efficiency losses were, however, observed due to the injector/bowl matching worsening which compromises the performance and emissions levels.The authors want to express their gratitude to CONVERGENT SCIENCE Inc. and Convergent Science GmbH for their kind support for performing the CFD calculations using CONVERGE software.Torregrosa, AJ.; Broatch, A.; Margot, X.; Gómez-Soriano, J. (2018). Understanding the unsteady pressure field inside combustion chambers of compression-ignited engines using a computational fluid dynamics approach. International Journal of Engine Research. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087418803030S113Benajes, J., Novella, R., De Lima, D., & Tribotté, P. (2014). Analysis of combustion concepts in a newly designed two-stroke high-speed direct injection compression ignition engine. International Journal of Engine Research, 16(1), 52-67. doi:10.1177/1468087414562867Costa, M., Bianchi, G. M., Forte, C., & Cazzoli, G. (2014). A Numerical Methodology for the Multi-objective Optimization of the DI Diesel Engine Combustion. Energy Procedia, 45, 711-720. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.076Navid, A., Khalilarya, S., & Taghavifar, H. (2016). Comparing multi-objective non-evolutionary NLPQL and evolutionary genetic algorithm optimization of a DI diesel engine: DoE estimation and creating surrogate model. Energy Conversion and Management, 126, 385-399. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.08.014Benajes, J., García, A., Pastor, J. M., & Monsalve-Serrano, J. (2016). Effects of piston bowl geometry on Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition heat transfer and combustion losses at different engine loads. Energy, 98, 64-77. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.01.014Masterton, B., Heffner, H., & Ravizza, R. (1969). The Evolution of Human Hearing. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 45(4), 966-985. doi:10.1121/1.1911574Strahle, W. C. (1978). Combustion noise. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 4(3), 157-176. doi:10.1016/0360-1285(78)90002-3Flemming, F., Sadiki, A., & Janicka, J. (2007). Investigation of combustion noise using a LES/CAA hybrid approach. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 31(2), 3189-3196. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.060Klos, D., & Kokjohn, S. L. (2014). Investigation of the sources of combustion instability in low-temperature combustion engines using response surface models. International Journal of Engine Research, 16(3), 419-440. doi:10.1177/1468087414556135Cyclic dispersion in engine combustion—Introduction by the special issue editors. (2015). International Journal of Engine Research, 16(3), 255-259. doi:10.1177/1468087415572740Hickling, R., Feldmaier, D. A., & Sung, S. H. (1979). Knock‐induced cavity resonances in open chamber diesel engines. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 65(6), 1474-1479. doi:10.1121/1.382910Torregrosa, A. J., Broatch, A., Margot, X., Marant, V., & Beauge, Y. (2004). Combustion chamber resonances in direct injection automotive diesel engines: A numerical approach. International Journal of Engine Research, 5(1), 83-91. doi:10.1243/146808704772914264Broatch, A., Margot, X., Gil, A., & Christian Donayre, (José). (2007). Computational study of the sensitivity to ignition characteristics of the resonance in DI diesel engine combustion chambers. Engineering Computations, 24(1), 77-96. doi:10.1108/02644400710718583Eriksson, L. J. (1980). Higher order mode effects in circular ducts and expansion chambers. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 68(2), 545-550. doi:10.1121/1.384768Broatch, A., Margot, X., Novella, R., & Gomez-Soriano, J. (2017). Impact of the injector design on the combustion noise of gasoline partially premixed combustion in a 2-stroke engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 119, 530-540. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.03.081Tutak, W., & Jamrozik, A. (2016). Validation and optimization of the thermal cycle for a diesel engine by computational fluid dynamics modeling. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 40(13-14), 6293-6309. doi:10.1016/j.apm.2016.02.021Payri, F., Benajes, J., Margot, X., & Gil, A. (2004). CFD modeling of the in-cylinder flow in direct-injection Diesel engines. Computers & Fluids, 33(8), 995-1021. doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2003.09.003Benajes, J., Novella, R., De Lima, D., & Thein, K. (2017). Impact of injection settings operating with the gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion concept in a 2-stroke HSDI compression ignition engine. Applied Energy, 193, 515-530. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.044Lesieur, M., Métais, O., & Comte, P. (2005). Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulence. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511755507Pope, S. B. (2004). Ten questions concerning the large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows. New Journal of Physics, 6, 35-35. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/035Silva, C. F., Leyko, M., Nicoud, F., & Moreau, S. (2013). Assessment of combustion noise in a premixed swirled combustor via Large-Eddy Simulation. Computers & Fluids, 78, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.09.034Jamrozik, A., Tutak, W., Kociszewski, A., & Sosnowski, M. (2013). Numerical simulation of two-stage combustion in SI engine with prechamber. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(5), 2961-2982. doi:10.1016/j.apm.2012.07.040Qin, W., Xie, M., Jia, M., Wang, T., & Liu, D. (2014). Large eddy simulation of in-cylinder turbulent flows in a DISI gasoline engine. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38(24), 5967-5985. doi:10.1016/j.apm.2014.05.004Broatch, A., Margot, X., Novella, R., & Gomez-Soriano, J. (2016). Combustion noise analysis of partially premixed combustion concept using gasoline fuel in a 2-stroke engine. Energy, 107, 612-624. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.04.045Torregrosa, A. J., Broatch, A., Martín, J., & Monelletta, L. (2007). Combustion noise level assessment in direct injection Diesel engines by means of in-cylinder pressure components. Measurement Science and Technology, 18(7), 2131-2142. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/18/7/045Payri, F., Broatch, A., Margot, X., & Monelletta, L. (2008). Sound quality assessment of Diesel combustion noise using in-cylinder pressure components. Measurement Science and Technology, 20(1), 015107. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/20/1/015107Ihlenburg, F. (2003). The Medium-Frequency Range in Computational Acoustics: Practical and Numerical Aspects. Journal of Computational Acoustics, 11(02), 175-193. doi:10.1142/s0218396x03001900Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., & Hernández, J. J. (1999). Diagnosis of DI Diesel combustion from in-cylinder pressure signal by estimation of mean thermodynamic properties of the gas. Applied Thermal Engineering, 19(5), 513-529. doi:10.1016/s1359-4311(98)00075-1Payri, F., Olmeda, P., Martín, J., & García, A. (2011). 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Assessment of flamelet versus multi-zone combustion modeling approaches for stratified-charge compression ignition engines. International Journal of Engine Research, 17(3), 280-290. doi:10.1177/1468087415571006Torregrosa, A. J., Broatch, A., Gil, A., & Gomez-Soriano, J. (2018). Numerical approach for assessing combustion noise in compression-ignited Diesel engines. Applied Acoustics, 135, 91-100. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2018.02.006Torregrosa, A., Olmeda, P., Degraeuwe, B., & Reyes, M. (2006). A concise wall temperature model for DI Diesel engines. Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(11-12), 1320-1327. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.10.021Broatch, A., Javier Lopez, J., García-Tíscar, J., & Gomez-Soriano, J. (2018). Experimental Analysis of Cyclical Dispersion in Compression-Ignited Versus Spark-Ignited Engines and Its Significance for Combustion Noise Numerical Modeling. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 140(10). doi:10.1115/1.4040287Molina, S., García, A., Pastor, J. 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The Australian temperament project: the first 30 years

The Australian Temperament Project (ATP) is a longitudinal study of the psychosocial development of a large and representative sample of Australian children born in the state of Victoria, Australia between September 1982 and January 1983.The study aims to trace the pathways to psychosocial adjustment and maladjustment across the lifespan, and to investigate the contribution of personal, family and environmental factors to development and wellbeing.<br /

Expert Panel Recommendations on Lower Urinary Tract Health of Women Across Their Life Span

Urologic and kidney problems are common in women across their life span and affect their daily life, including physical activity, sexual relations, social life, and future health. Urological health in women is still understudied and the underlying mechanisms of female urological dysfunctions are not fully understood. The Society for Women's Health Research (SWHR?) recognized the need to have a roundtable discussion where researchers and clinicians would define the current state of knowledge, gaps, and recommendations for future research directions to transform women's urological health. This report summarizes the discussions, which focused on epidemiology, clinical presentation, basic science, prevention strategies, and efficacy of current therapies. Experts around the table agreed on a set of research, education, and policy recommendations that have the potential to dramatically increase awareness and improve women's urological health at all stages of life.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140146/1/jwh.2016.5895.pd

A bacterial effector counteracts host autophagy by promoting degradation of an autophagy component

Beyond its role in cellular homeostasis, autophagy plays anti- and promicrobial roles in host-microbe interactions, both in animals and plants. One prominent role of antimicrobial autophagy is to degrade intracellular pathogens or microbial molecules, in a process termed xenophagy. Consequently, microbes evolved mechanisms to hijack or modulate autophagy to escape elimination. Although well-described in animals, the extent to which xenophagy contributes to plant-bacteria interactions remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) suppresses host autophagy by utilizing type-III effector XopL. XopL interacts with and degrades the autophagy component SH3P2 via its E3 ligase activity to promote infection. Intriguingly, XopL is targeted for degradation by defense-related selective autophagy mediated by NBR1/Joka2, revealing a complex antagonistic interplay between XopL and the host autophagy machinery. Our results implicate plant antimicrobial autophagy in the depletion of a bacterial virulence factor and unravel an unprecedented pathogen strategy to counteract defense-related autophagy in plant-bacteria interactions

Production of transgenic cattle by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) with the human granulocyte colony-stimulation factor (hG-CSF)

The hG-CSF (human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor) is a growth and stimulation factor capable of inducing the proliferation of bone marrow cells, several types of leukocytes, among other hematopoietic tissue cells. hG-CSF is used in used to treat anomalies that reder a small number of circulating white blood cells, which may compromise the immune defenses of the affected person. For these reasons, the production of hG-CSF in a bioreactor system using the mammary gland of genetic modified animals is a possibility of adding value to the bovine genetic material and reducing the costs of hG-CSF production in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we aimed the production of transgenic hG-CSF bovine through the lipofection of bovine primary fibroblasts with an hG-CSF expression cassette and cloning these fibroblasts by the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique. The bovine fibroblasts transfected with the hG-CSF cassette presented a stable insertion of this construct into their genome and were efficiently synchronized to G0/G1 cell cycle stage. The transgenic fibroblasts were cloned by SCNT and produced 103 transferred embryos and 2 pregnancies, one of which reached 7 months of gestation