25 research outputs found
Protein carbonylation as a mechanism of regulation of MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation
Tumor progression is accompanied by dysregulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, which plays an essential role in breast cancer pathogenesis and cell resistance to chemotherapy. The role of protein carbonylation in molecular mechanisms of regulating MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation under the effect of roscovitine, a selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, was evaluated. The cells were grown in adherent cell culture with or without roscovitine. The levels of reduced/oxidized glutathione and the concentration of protein carbonyl derivatives were determined by spectrophotometry. The cell cycle was evaluated by the flow cytometry; the same technique was used to measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration. Cell culture with roscovitine resulted in a decrease in the redox potential of the glutathione system and a rise in the ROS and protein carbonyl derivative concentrations. Roscovitine contributed to the G0/G1 and G2/Π phase arrest due to its interaction with ATP-binding sites of cyclin-dependent kinases. Roscovitine could also promote enzyme carbonylation. The obtained results can be further used for development of personalized approaches to breast cancer therapy
ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ N-ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ 1,4-Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19 ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ
Relevance. Impairment of apoptosis regulation in P19 cells is correlated with generation of oxidative stress. UnderΒ hypoxia, changes in mitochondrial functions occur, which may exacerbate oxidative stress in the tumor cell.Β The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of N-ethylmaleimide and 1,4-dithioerythritol on implementationΒ and regulation of apoptosis in P19 cells under hypoxia in vitro.Materials and methods. P19 cells (mouse teratocarcinoma) cultured under hypoxia served as the material for theΒ study. For redox status modulation, 5mM N-ethylmaleimide and 1,4-dithioerythritol in the final concentrations ofΒ 5 mM were used. The intracellular concentration of calcium ions, the transmembrane potential and the number ofΒ Annexin V, CD95 and CD120 positive cells were determined by flow cytometry. The levels of reduced, oxidizedΒ and protein-bound glutathione, protein SH groups, hydroxyl radical and protein carbonyl derivatives were measuredΒ by spectrophotometry.Results. The alteration in the redox status of the glutathione system under hypoxia, accompanied by oxidativeΒ modification of proteins (glutathionylation and carbonylation), influences the metabolism in the tumor cell onΒ the whole. Under the effects of 1,4-dithioerythritol, an SH group protector, this alteration promotes formation ofΒ additional mechanisms to escape apoptosis, whereas under the effects of N-ethylmaleimide, an SH group blocker,Β it, on the contrary, promotes apoptosis activation.Conclusions. The changes in the redox homeostasis of the tumor cell and modulation of oxidative modificationΒ of proteins (glutathionylation and carbonylation) under hypoxia are one of the promising approaches to targetedΒ regulation of cell death.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19 ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΒ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΡΠ³ΡΠ±Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΒ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Β ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ N-ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ 1,4-Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°Β ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19 ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ in vitro.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈΒ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19 (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΌΡΡΠΈ). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΒ N-ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 5 ΠΌΠ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ β 1,4-Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ» Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 5 ΠΌΠ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ V-, CD95- ΠΈ CD120-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°,Β SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΒ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΒ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² (Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅), ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Β ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² β 1,4-Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π°, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Π° Π²Β ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² β N-ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° β Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ-Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΒ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² (Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»ΠΈ
Assessment of Animal Sensitivity to Particularly Dangerous Orthopoxviruses, Using Primary Cultures of Lung Cells
Objective of the study is to investigate the sensitivity of different animals to highly pathogenic Orthopoxviruses applying techniques, based on utilization of primary cultures of lung cells, and to assess the possibility of further deployment of this approach. Materials and methods. Cultural and virological research methods are used. Results and conclusions. Performed is the assessment of sensitivity of outbred mice, marmots and chickens to variola virus (VV) and monkeypox virus (MPV), using suspended primary cultures of lung cells (SPCLC) of these animals. Through inoculation of the mentioned above cell cultures with VV and MPV in a dose of 0.00001 PFU per a cell (plaque forming unit /cell) demonstrated has been virus replication with maximum concentration values in all cases (1,4 - 2,0 lg PFU/ml), mainly 3 days after infection. According to the data on SPCLC, sensitivity to VV in mice, marmots and chickens (ID50 - 50 % infective dose) amounts to (1,3 Β± 0,5) lg PFU; (2,3 Β± 0,5) lg PFU; and (0,0 Β± 0,4) lg PFU respectively, taking into account unhindered interaction of the virus with permissive lung cells in the organism of the animals. As for MPV values for this indicator, they are: (1,7 Β± 0,3) lg PFU for mice, and (0,5 Β± 0,3) lg PFU - for marmots. Obtained ID50 values for VV using mice SPCLC and for MPV using mice and marmots SPCLC coincide with the ones, studied in direct experiments on intranasal infection with the viruses, with regard to 10 % of the viral application in lungs when deploying the latter method of infection. The fact testifies to the possibility of further deployment of this method for the assessment of animal sensitivity to highly pathogenic Orthopoxviruses based on the results of in vitro experiments
Π ΠΠΠ¬ ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π Π ΠΠΠΠΠ‘-Π ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ―Π¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ«-3 Π ΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠ¦ΠΠ’ΠΠ₯ ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ Π‘Π’Π ΠΠ‘Π‘Π IN VITRO
The formation of oxidative stress lies at the heart of many frequent and socially-important diseases. Blood lymphocytes are the cells which provide immunological control of our organism. As a result of their function implementation blood lymphocytes contact with different endogenic and exogenic factors, which can lead to active oxygen species production activation, macromolecules oxidative modification and to cell survival alteration. At the present time it is essential to expand and deepen the fundamental knowledge of blood lymphocytes apoptosis regulation peculiarities. The research objective was to establish the interaction among alterations of glutathione system condition, carbonylation level, protein glutathionylation and caspase-3 activity in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro.Material and Methods. The material for research was blood lymphocytes cultivated with addition of hydrogen peroxide in final concentration of 0,5 mmol and/or protein SH-group inhibitor N-ethylmaleimide β 5 mmol, protector β 5 mmol β 1,4-dithioerythritol. Reduced, oxidized and protein-bound glutathione concentration was measured by method of spectropho-tometry, additionally, the ratio size of reduced to oxidized thiol fraction was estimated. With help of enzymoimmunoassay the level of protein carbonyl derivatives was evaluated; caspase-3 activity was registered by spectrofluorometric method.Results. Protein SH-group blocking in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro was accompanied by protein-bound glutathione concentration rapid decrease in connection with increase of protein carbonyl derivatives content and caspase-3 activity. Protein SH-group protection in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro was accompanied by concentration increase of protein-bound glutathione and protein carbonyl derivatives under comparable values of enzyme activity under study.Conclusion. The carried out research shows that caspase-3 and protein-bound glutathione are the molecular targets of selective control over programmed cell death. The received indices of caspase-3 activity change and protein-bound glutathione concentration alteration in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro can be used when elaborating target therapy approaches to diseases accompanied by apoptosis disregulation.Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ in vitro.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 0,5 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ) Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² N-ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° β 5 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° β 5 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ β 1,4-Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ in vitro ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ in vitro ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Π°-3 ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ in vitro ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°
Π£Π±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat
Introduction. One of the crucial tasks in medicine is studying the molecular mechanisms of selective management of tumor cell apoptosis following conformational changes in protein molecules (ubiquitination).The purpose of the study. The aim of the project is to establish the role of ubiquitin and ubiquitinligase in dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the Jurkat tumor cell line (intact cells and cells cultured in the presence of an apoptosis inducer dexamethasone in the final concentration of 10 Β΅mol. In intact and dexamethasone-affected Jurkat cells, implementation of apoptosis and the amount of FAS-, TNF Receptor 1 and cells with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by flow cytometry using FITC-conjugated Annexin V and Propidium Iodide. The levels of NF-ΞΊB, Apaf-1, ubiquitin and ubiquitin ligase were determined by Western blot analysis. The activity of caspase-3 was measured by spectrofluorometry.Results. When adding the apoptosis inducer dexamethasone to the Jurkat cell culture, we registered a fall in the concentration of ubiquitin and a rise in the level of ubiquitinligase against the backdrop of activated receptor(an increase in the amount of Annexin V positive cells, FASand TNF Receptor 1) and mitochondrialmediated (an increase in the number of cells with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and elevation of Apaf-1 level) pathways of apoptosis, as opposed to the intact cell culture. We estimated the completion of apoptosis by determining the activity of caspase-3 in the investigated tumor cells.Conclusion. The obtained findings allow the conclusion that ubiquitination of regulatory and effector proteins in programmed cell death is one of the molecular mechanisms that regulates and selectively controls apoptosis in Jurkat cells.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» (ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ). Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π·Ρ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½-ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 10 ΠΌΠΊΠ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ FITΠ‘-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° V ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° FASΠΈ TNF-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡ 1 ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½-Π±Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² NF-ΞΊB, Apaf-1; ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π·Ρ; Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° β ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° β Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π·Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½-, FASΠΈ TNFΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡ 1 ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ) ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Apaf-1) ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²-ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ« ΠΠΠ£Π’ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠ£Π₯ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ Π 19 ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ
Introduction. According to modern perceptions, tumor growth, along with oxidative stress formation, is accompanied by hypoxia. Nowadays studying the regulation of cellular molecular system functioning by conformational changes in proteins appears to be a topical issue. Research goal was to evaluate the state of the glutathione system and the level of protein glutathionylation in P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells under hypoxic conditions.Material and methods. P19 EC cells (mouse embryonal carcinoma) cultured under normoxic and hypox-ic conditions served the research material.The concentration of total, oxidized, reduced and protein-bound glutathione, the reduced to oxidized thiol ratio as well as glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity were determined by spectropho-tometry.Results. Glutathione imbalance was accompanied by a decrease in P19 EC cell redox status under hypox-ic conditions against the backdrop of a rise in protein-bound glutathione.Conclusions. As a result of the conducted study oxidative stress formation was identified when modeling hypoxia in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. The rise in the concentration of protein-bound glutathione may indicate the role of protein glutathionylation in regulation of P19 cell metabolism and functions un-der hypoxia.Β ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ².Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»-ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19 ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19 (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΌΡΡΠΈ), ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π·Ρ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΈΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19 Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19 ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ£Π’ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ’ΠΠ₯ ΠΠ Π Π‘ΠΠ₯ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’Π
Currently, diabetes ranks third in relation to medical and social significance after cardiovascular diseases and cancer and is the leading cause of blindness; it greatly increases the risk of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, nephropathy and hypertension in patients with this disorder; therefore clinical and experimental studies aimed at investigation of diabetes emergence and development mechanisms are urgent.The aim of the study was to investigate the status of oxidative modification of proteins and glutathionedependent antioxidant defense system in adipocytes of rats with alloxan diabetes under conditions of oxidative stress.Material and methods. Development of type 1 diabetes was induced in rats by alloxan administration (90 mg/kg of body mass). Adipocytes were obtained from epididymal adipose tissue of rats. The level of carbonyl derivatives of proteins, oxidized tryptophan, bityrosine, general, reduced, oxygenated and protein-bound glutathione, as well as glutathione peroxidase activity in adipocytes of rats was determined.Results. In adipocytes of rats with alloxan diabetes, concentration of carbonyl derivatives of proteins, bityrosine and oxidized tryptophan increased on the background of redox-potential of glutathione system and glutathione peroxidase activity decrease.Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the activation of free-radical oxidation of proteins and reduction of antioxidant defense under conditions of oxidative stress in the adipose tissue of rats with alloxan diabetes; this process plays an important role in pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications development.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ (Π‘Π) Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°, ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½-Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π² Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π£ ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π‘Π 1-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π° (90 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°). ΠΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π±ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², Π±ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ-ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ± Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Π‘Π ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠΠΠ« ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ―Π¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ£Π₯ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ Π 19 Π Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ―Π₯ ΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠ―Π¦ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ‘-Π‘Π’ΠΠ’Π£Π‘Π
Introduction. Changes in the redox status of tumor cells can be used as one of the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis aimed at increasing the susceptibility of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Purpose: to study the mechanisms of dysregulation of apoptosis in P19 tumor cells under the conditions of redox status modulation. Material and methods. Apoptosis in P19 tumor cells was assessed by flow cytometry analysis. The number of annexin-positive cells, the expression of CD95 and CD120, as well as the intracellular calcium ion concentration and the percentage of cells with reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential were measured. The protein-glutathione mixed-disulfide level and the GSH/GSSG ratio were determined by spectrophotometry. To modulate redox status of cells, the protector and blocker of SH-groups, or N-acetylcysteine were used. Results. Incubation of cultures in the presence of SH-group blocker resulted in the imbalance in the glutathione system with increased concentration of glutathionylated proteins. A decreased redox status led to an increased CD95 and CD120 expression levels on the membrane of P19 tumor cells, as well as to decreased mitochondrial potential and increased intracellular calcium ion concentration, thus contributing to the launch of a P19 tumor cells. The presence of SH-group blocker and N-acetylcysteine resulted in an increased number of annexinpositive cells. Conclusion. Along with the development of oxidative stress, the molecular redox-dependent mechanisms of apoptosis dysregulation through the mitochondrial and receptor-mediated pathways were identified in the P19 tumor cells.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°, Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19 Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°. ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19 ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ CD95 ΠΈ CD120, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ N-Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½. ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ CD95 ΠΈ CD120 Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ N-Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π 19 Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ-Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ