Charge ordering and interlayer phase coherence in quantum Hall superlattices

The possibility of the existence of states with a spontaneous interlayer phase coherence in multilayer electron systems in a high perpendicular to the layers magnetic field is investigated. It is shown that phase coherence can be established in such systems only within individual pairs of adjacent layers, while such coherence does not exist between layers of different pairs. The conditions for stability of the state with interlayer phase coherence against transition to a charge-ordered state are determined. It is shown that in the system with the number of layers N\leq 10 these conditions are satisfied at any value of the interlayer distance d. For N>10 there are two intervals of stability: at sufficiently large and at sufficiently small d. For N\to \infty the stability interval in the region of small d vanishesComment: 10 page

Efficiency of Developing Renewable Energy Market in Russia

The goal of this study is to systematize and provide a quantitative and qualitative assessment of potential positive economic and non-economic effects of the implementation of a new mechanism for supporting renewable energy in Russia. It should result in achieving the national medium-term objective to increase the share of renewable energy in the wholesale electricity and capacity market to 2.5 % by 2024. The introduction examines the mechanism for supporting the generators of renewable energy by capacity charge in the wholesale electricity and capacity market. It is assumed that the main positive effects from implementing this mechanism will be the replacement of hydrocarbon fuels burned for generating the electricity in traditional coal or gas power plants; improvement in the trade balance; multiplier effects from the development of RES in related industrial sectors, new value added and jobs in the sectors producing the generating and auxiliary equipment for generators; reduction of carbon dioxide emissions; decrease in average prices in the wholesale electricity market; reduction of expenditure on environmental activities and measures to protect the health in the territories with traditional power plants; additional scal charges. As a result, the quantification of these effects amounts to 47.77 billion rubles in 2024. The authors rely on the experience of foreign countries, expert estimates, forecasts by the Russian Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Economic Development, research by the Russian Energy Agency, International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, Community for Renewable Energy Policy in the 21st Century (REN21), statistics of Russian Federal State Statistics Service.The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research as part of the project 14–06–00075 “National Economic and Environmental Security: Threats, Effects, and Scenario for Interaction of Economy and Environment.

Can TLR3 influence to p53 and p63 apoptosis pathways in early miscarriages?

Objective - to define the role of TLR3 in activation of p53 and p63 apoptotic pathways in patients with early miscarriage

ADAPTATIONAL STAGE OF THE PROFESSIONAL SOCIALIZATION OF STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITIES

Introduction. The system of the Russian education needs highquality education of future teachers. Future teachers should be familiar with age and psychophysiological features of children, be ready to changes, non-standard labour actions, and be able to make independent decisions and to take responsibility for them. It is possible to provide formation of such qualities among modern teachers only through successful social adaptation of young specialists. The aim of this article is to present the authors’ program directed on the assessment of degree of students’ adaptation to pedagogical activity in the system of professional socialization. Methodology and research methods. The leading methodological approach to the study of this problem is the personality-oriented approach that enables to develop the monitoring toolkit to reveal the formation of most important professional qualities of students. The methods of the analysis and synthesis of the scientific publications and directive documents on the discussed problem were applied. Questioning, testing, mathematical-statistical methods of processing of the monitoring results were used when designing and approbation of the authors’ program.Scientific novelty and results. The concept “professional socialization” is defined; the constructive nature of professional socialization of students of pedagogical high school is disclosed. Under the stage of the first-year students’ adaptation, students are considered as subjects who plan, organize, direct and correct own activities in the course of preparation for learning. The methodology for organization of monitoring of professional socialization of students of pedagogical university is described. The methodology described includes the following three components: ideological, operational, behavioral adaptation. The criteria of professional socialization efficiency are highlighted: motivational and evaluative, cognitive, emotional and volitional, creative-activity; the criteria characteristics and compliance indicators are given. The pilot testing on approbation of the authors’ methodology was carried out at the Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University (today the Southern Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University) in the period 2013–2016; the results of the work are presented in this publication. Practical significance. Developed diagnostic toolkit enables to assess on a timely basis the level of social adaptation of future teachers, to identify the ways of increasing the quality of vocational training. The materials of the research could be useful for specialists who are engaged in the process of students’ adaptation to university environment; for leaders and managers of educational institutions; for teachers, lecturers and students themselves.Введение. Система отечественного образования нуждается в качественной подготовке учителей, хорошо знающих возрастные и психофизиологические особенности детей, готовых к переменам, нестандартным трудовым действиям, способных самостоятельно принимать решения и нести за них ответственность. Обеспечить формирование у современного педагога таких качеств можно только при условии успешной социальной адаптации молодых специалистов. Цель публикации – представить авторскую программу оценки уровня адаптированности студентов к педагогической деятельности на начальном этапе профессиональной социализации в вузе. Методология и методы исследования. Исследование базируется на личностно-ориентированном подходе к созданию мониторингового инструментария для определения сформированности у студентов профессионально значимых личностных качеств. В процессе работы применялись методы анализа и обобщения научных публикаций и директивных документов, имеющих отношение к обсуждаемым проблемам. При моделировании и апробации авторской программы использовались анкетирование, тестирование, математико-статистические методы обработки результатов мониторинга. Научная новизна и результаты. Определена сущность феномена социализа-ии; уточнено понятие и раскрыта конструктивная природа профессиональной социализации студентов педагогического вуза, выделены ее основные этапы. В рамках этапа адаптации первокурсников в вузе студент рассматривается как субъект, который в процессе своей подготовки планирует, организует, направляет и корригирует собственную деятельность. Описана методика организации и проведения мониторинга профессиональной социализации будущих учителей, которая включает три блока: мировоззренческий, операциональный и блок поведенческой адаптированности. Выделены критерии эффективности профессиональной социализации: мотивационно-ценностный, когнитивный, эмоционально-волевой, креативно-деятельностный. Дана характеристика этих критериев и показателей их соблюдения. Изложены результаты опытно-экспериментальной работы по апробации авторской методики, проводившейся в Челябинском государственном педагогическом университете (в настоящее время Южно-Уральский государственный гуманитарно-педагогический университет) на протяжении четырех лет – с 2013 по 2016 г. Практическая значимость. Предлагаемый диагностический инструментарий позволяет оперативно оценивать качество социальной адаптации будущих педагогов и исходя из этого определять направления совершенствования их профессиональной подготовки. Материалы статьи могут быть полезны для специалистов, занимающихся вопросами адаптации студентов к вузовской среде, для руководителей образовательных организаций, преподавателей и самих студентов

Current views on the possibility of cervical insufficiency correction

The main role in spontaneous abortion in 2nd and 3d trimesters is assigned to cervical insufficiency. According to a number of researchers, bed rest, elevated lower limbs, restriction of physical activity, tocolysis, antibacterial therapy do not affect the prolongation of pregnancy and are ineffective for preventing premature spontaneous labor. Correction of cervical insufficiency can be carried out by a vaginal form of progesterone, cerclage, pessary. The use of vaginal progesterone is justified in women with recurrent miscarriage, a history of premature birth, and shortening of the cervix to less than 25 mm. Indications for surgical correction are limited to patients with habitual loss of pregnancy due to cervical weakness or a history of premature birth. In the absence of significant obstetric history, cerclage has no advantages over the use of progesterone. The optimal time for cerclage is up to 20 weeks of pregnancy. Unlike progesterone cerclage has complications, the frequency and severity of which are attributable to the timing and indications for correction. Transabdominal cerclage is performed only when there is a technical impossibility of vaginal access due to the absence of a vaginal part of the cervix or after unsuccessful attempts of vaginal cerclages. Most often, the use of a pessary is associated with the diagnosis of a short cervix in terms of more than 24 weeks of gestation in the absence of an aggravated history. The combined use of gestagens, pessary and cerclage does not increase the efficiency of carrying a singleton pregnancy. Methods for the prevention of preterm delivery in multiple pregnancy, such as the introduction of a specialized outpatient service, bed rest, antibacterial therapy, progesterone, preventive cerclage or the insertion of a pessary do not change the incidence and mortality of newborns

Рентгенохирургия ятрогенного повреждения желчных протоков после лапароскопической холецистэктомии (опыт одного центра)

IM OF STUDY To show the possibilities of antegrade X-ray surgical techniques in the treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injuries after videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy.MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 24 patients with “minor” and 20 patients with “major” (according to Strasberg) iatrogenic injuries of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Antegrade endobiliary intervention was performed in 26 patients, including the “bridge-procedure” variant preceding the reconstructive surgery. Endobiliary drains were maintained during the reconstructive surgery and in the early postoperative period to control the viability of the anastomosis.When a stricture of the biliodigestive anastomosis (BDA) was detected, balloon dilatation of the anastomotic area was performed. In the subgroup of “minor” injuries, external drainage of the subhepatic biloma in 18 people were supplemented with endoscopic papillotomy in 12 cases.RESULTS In all patients with “minor” injuries of the biliary tree, X-ray surgical techniques were effective. In 11 patients with “major” bile duct injuries, cholangiostomy drainage was gradually transformed into external-internal drainage. In 2 trauma cases of classes D and E temporary antegrade stenting of the duct injury area with a coated self-expanding endobiliary stent was performed. The follow-up period after removal of the antegrade frame drainage ranged from 8 months to 14 years. There were no stricture or failure of BDA.CONCLUSION Short-term external biliary drainage, including the use of rendezvous techniques, may be suffi cient to eliminate the failure of the cystic duct stump. Cholangiostomy drainage, temporary endobiliary stent allow preparing the patient for reconstructive intervention. Drainage marking of the damaged area facilitates the verifi cation of tubular structures in the reconstruction area. Preservation of drainage after reconstructive intervention is the prevention of failure of the biliodigestive anastomosis in the early postoperative period, the development of its stricture in the long term.ЦЕЛЬ Показать возможности антеградных рентгенхирургических методик в лечении ятрогенных по­вреждений желчных протоков после видеолапароскопической холецистэктомии.МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ В исследование включены 24 пациента с «малыми» и 20 пациентов с «большими» (по Strasberg) ятрогенными повреждениями внепеченочных желчных путей. Антеградное эндобилиарное вмешательство было выполнено 26 пациентам, в том числе в варианте “bridge-procedure”, предшествовавшем реконструктивной операции. Эндобилиарные дренажи сохранялись во время рекон­структивной операции и в раннем послеоперационном периоде для контроля состоятельности анастомоза. При выявлении стриктуры билиодигестивного анастомоза (БДА) выполняли баллонную дилатацию зоны анастомоза. В подгруппе «малых» повреждений наружное дренирование подпеченочной биломы у 18 человек было дополнено эндоскопической папиллотомией в 12 наблюдениях.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ У всех пациентов с «малыми» повреждениями желчного дерева рентгенохирургические методики оказались эффективными. У 11 пациентов с «большими» повреждениями желчных протоков холангиостомический дренаж этапно был трансформирован в наружно-внутренний. В 2 наблюдениях при травме классы D и Е использовали временное антеградное стентирование зоны повреждения протоков покрытым саморасширяющимся эндобилиарным стентом. Сроки наблюдения после удаления антеградного каркасного дренажа составили от 8 месяцев до 14 лет. Стриктуры и несостоятельности БДА отмечено не было.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ Кратковременное наружное билиарное дренирование, в том числе с применением «рандеву методик», может оказаться достаточным для устранения несостоятельности культи пузырного протока. Холангиостомический дренаж, временный эндобилиарный стент позволяют подготовить пациента к реконструктивному вмешательству. Дренажная маркировка зоны повреждения облегчает верификацию трубчатых структур в области реконструкции. Сохранение дренажа после реконструктивного вмешательства является профилактикой несостоятельности билиодигестивного анастомоза в раннем послеоперационном периоде, развития его стриктуры в отдаленные сроки

Expression of indaleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mRNA in patients with spontaneous miscarriages at early stages of pregnancy

Expression mRNA of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and Toll-like receptors (TLR) 1-4 in epithelial cells of cervix uteri in 57 patients with early stage miscarriages (6-10 weeks of pregnancy) and 57 patients with artificial abortion (control group) was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR

CREEP OF POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE UNDER VARIOUS LOADING CONDITIONS

This article contains results of experimental research of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) deformation and creep under linear and plane stresses. During the tests predetermined values of real stresses considering current deformation were constant. The equation of mechanical states considering instant elastic, viscoelastic, instant plastic and viscoplastic components of total deformation was obtained. The equation is used for the description of PTFE deformations (F-4, F-4D, F-4D0) under stationary and non-stationary cyclic loads in flat stress condition with an application of material constant volume condition, condition of similarity of deviators of stresses and deformations and with the input of parameters which are functions of the form of stress deviators. The results of PTFE creep investigation under real stresses reaching ultimate values are relevant and unique

The Stellar Content of the Polar Rings in the Galaxies NGC 2685 and NGC 4650A

We present the results of stellar photometry of polar-ring galaxies NGC 2685 and NGC 4650A, using the archival data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. Polar rings of these galaxies were resolved into ~800 and ~430 stellar objects in the B, V and Ic bands, considerable part of which are blue supergiants located in the young stellar complexes. The stellar features in the CM-diagrams are best represented by isochrones with metallicity Z = 0.008. The process of star formation in the polar rings of both galaxies was continuous and the age of the youngest detected stars is about 9 Myr for NGC 2685 and 6.5 Myr for NGC 4650A.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, AJ 2004 February, accepte