Service as a New Competitive Advantage

The article represents theoretical aspects of the concept "competitive advantage". The competitive advantage becomes a guarantee of work stability, a basis of long-term development. It creates barriers at the exit to the market for new participants, helps to get the best profit from sales of the company

Costs of the enterprise: the essence and need for control

Currently, both in the Republic of Belarus and abroad, there has been a growing interest in cost management. The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the economic nature of costs as one of the urgent tasks of enterprises in modern market conditions. The classification of costs and management technologies is proposed

On monoids of monotone injective partial selfmaps of Ln ×lex Z with co-finite domains and images

We study the semigroup IO∞(Zⁿlex) of monotone injective partial selfmaps of the set of Ln × lex Z having co-finite domain and image, where Ln ×lex Z is the lexicographic product of n-elements chain and the set of integers with the usual order. We show that IO∞(Zⁿlex) is bisimple and establish its projective congruences. We prove that IO∞(Zⁿlex) is finitely generated, and for n = 1 every automorphism of IO∞(Zⁿlex) is inner and show that in the case n ⩾ 2 the semigroup IO∞(Zⁿlex) has non-inner automorphisms. Also we show that every Baire topology τ on IO∞(Znlex) such that (IO∞(Znlex),τ) is a Hausdorff semitopological semigroup is discrete, construct a non-discrete Hausdorff semigroup inverse topology on IO∞(Zⁿlex), and prove that the discrete semigroup IO∞(Zⁿlex) cannot be embedded into some classes of compact-like topological semigroups and that its remainder under the closure in a topological semigroup S is an ideal in S

Service as a New Competitive Advantage

The article represents theoretical aspects of the concept "competitive advantage". The competitive advantage becomes a guarantee of work stability, a basis of long-term development. It creates barriers at the exit to the market for new participants, helps to get the best profit from sales of the company

Costs of the enterprise: the essence and need for control

Currently, both in the Republic of Belarus and abroad, there has been a growing interest in cost management. The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the economic nature of costs as one of the urgent tasks of enterprises in modern market conditions. The classification of costs and management technologies is proposed

Screening and Characterization of the Antagonistic Properties of Microorganisms Isolated From Natural Sources

BACKGROUND: Human infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens present a serious problem for clinical medicine. Causative agents of nosocomial infections, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., are the most common among them. An active search for antimicrobial agents that can effectively combat drugresistant pathogens is underway. Antimicrobial substances of bacterial origin are of particular interest. Promising sources of microorganisms with antibiotic properties are natural sources: Soil, water, plants, etc. AIM: The purpose of this work is to screen and characterize the antagonistic properties of microorganisms isolated from natural sources in connection with the creation of new pharmaceutical substances. METHODS: The material for the isolation of microorganisms was the soil, water bodies, and plant objects of various municipal districts of the Kemerovo Region. Identification of the isolated microorganisms was carried out using the methods proposed in the directory “Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology” and in the monograph Nesterenko et al. The selection of strains from soil samples was carried out according to standard methods described in “Methods of soil microbiological control. Methodical recommendations,” cultural-morphological properties of isolates were studied using conventional microbiological methods. RESULTS: The following results are obtained: (1) Lactic acid bacteria and other microorganisms antagonists from natural sources were isolated: Soil, water bodies, and plant objects; 20 isolates were isolated, their cultural and morphological properties were studied; isolated microorganisms were found to belong presumably to the genera Bacillus, Leuconostoc, Pedio-coccus, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides; (2) Antimicrobial properties of lactic acid bacteria and other antagonistic microorganisms isolated from natural sources on solid and liquid nutrient media were studied; (3) 12 strains of 20 isolates with maximum antimicrobial properties were selected for further studies. CONCLUSION: Further research on the biochemical properties of lactic acid bacteria and other antagonist microorganisms isolated from natural sources, the study of antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria and other antagonist microorganisms isolated from natural sources, as well as other more detailed studies will be conducted with selected 12 strains with maximum antimicrobial properties

Analysis of fundamental parameters for V477 Lyr

We analyze the photometric and spectroscopic observations of the young pre-cataclysmic variable (pre-CV) V477 Lyr. The masses of both binary components have been corrected by analyzing their radial velocity curves. We show that agreement between the theoretical and observed light curves of the object is possible for several sets of its physical parameters corresponding to the chosen temperature of the primary component. The final parameters of V477 Lyr have been established by comparing observational data with evolutionary tracks for planetary nebula nuclei. The derived effective temperature of the O subdwarf is higher than that estimated by analyzing the object's ultraviolet spectra by more than 10000 K. This is in agreement with the analogous results obtained previously for the young pre-CVs V664 Cas and UU Sge. The secondary component of V477 Lyr has been proven to have a more than 25-fold luminosity excess compared to main-sequence stars of similar mass. Comparison of the physical parameters for the cool stars in young pre-CVs indicates that their luminosities do not correlate with the masses of the objects. The observed luminosity excesses in such stars show a close correlation with the post-common-envelope lifetime of the systems and should be investigated within the framework of the theory of their relaxation to the state of main-sequence stars. © 2008 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Совместное сжигание продуктов пиролиза шин и древесных пеллет

Thermal power plants remain one of the main sources of environmental pollution. The deterioration of the quality of traditional carbon-containing energy resources leads to the need to develop technologies for co-combustion of biofuel and coal at small and large power plants. The paper proposes the concept of using solid waste from tire recycling by adding to the composition of the mixed fuel “coal – wood waste” as a substitute for coal slag, which is formed during the utilization of worn-out tires by pyrolysis. The aim of the work was to determine the possibility of increasing the calorific value of wood pellets by co-firing with pyrolysis slag instead of coal without increasing the burden on the environment. At the same time, the following tasks have been set: to determine the lowest combustion heat of mixed fuels and assess its change when replacing coal with slag; to determine moisture content, total sulfur content, volatile matter yield, ash content of mixed fuels according to standard methods; to assess the change in these parameters when replacing coal with slag at the same component ratios; to determine the optimal ratios of components in mixed fuels, which will not increase the burden on the environment when replacing coal with pyrolysis slag. It has been determined that replacing coal with slag results in an increase in calorific value by 37–45 %, a decrease in ash content by 37–42 %, and an increase in the yield of volatile substances. At the same time, the sulfur content increases by 5.6–18 %. The use of traditional cleaning equipment is recommended in order to reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide. The research results make it possible to substantiate the possibility of replacing coal with slag in mixed fuels at certain ratios of components. A new direction of using solid products from recycling of rubber products, i.e. worn-out tires, has been proposed by the pyrolysis method in mixed fuels “slag-wood pellets” for small and medium-sized power plants.К числу основных источников загрязнения окружающей среды относятся теплоэлектростанции. Ухудшение качества традиционных углеродсодержащих энергоресурсов ведет к необходимости развития технологий совместного сжигания биотоплива и угля на малых и крупных электростанциях. В настоящей статье предлагается концепция использования твердых отходов переработки шин путем добавления в состав смесевого топлива «уголь – древесные отходы» в качестве заменителя угля шлака, образующегося при утилизации изношенных шин методом пиролиза. Цель исследования – определение возможности повышения теплотворной способности древесных пеллет путем совместного их сжигания с пиролизным шлаком вместо угля без увеличения нагрузки на окружающую среду. При этом ставились задачи: определение низшей теплоты сгорания смесевых топлив и оценка ее изменения при замене угля на шлак; определение влажности, содержания общей серы, выхода летучих веществ, зольности смесевых топлив по стандартным методикам и оценка изменения этих параметров при замене угля на шлак при одинаковых соотношениях компонентов; определение оптимальных соотношений компонентов в смесевых топливах, не увеличивающих нагрузку на окружающую среду при замене угля на пиролизный шлак. Установлено, что при замене угля шлаком происходит повышение теплотворной способности на 37–45 %, уменьшение содержания золы на 37–42 %, увеличение выхода летучих веществ. Вместе с тем содержание серы увеличивается на 5,6–18 %. Для снижения выброса диоксидов серы рекомендуется применение традиционного очистного оборудования. Результаты исследования позволяют обосновать возможности замены угля шлаком в смесевых топливах при определенных соотношениях компонентов. Предложено новое направление использования твердых продуктов утилизации резинотехнических изделий, в частности изношенных шин, методом пиролиза в смесевых топливах «шлак – древесные пеллеты» для малых и средних энергетических установок

РОЛЬ БИОБАНКОВ В ИЗУЧЕНИИ ПОПУЛЯЦИОННОГО ИММУНИТЕТА

Review focuses on estimation of population immunity and  effectiveness of vaccination against socially significant influenza  infection. Long-term observations of the population immunity,  including post-vaccine seroprevalence to influenza are an important  component of surveillance. The possibility of use of systems of  biological banks (biobanks) in these investigations is of great  interest. The data on the principles of biobanks design in the world,  the scope of their application, the present state of the industry are  described. The information about collections of infectious diseases  agents is presented. Suggestions to build a network of biobanks in the Russian Federation and its implementation in the system of  epidemiological influenza surveillance are formed. The biobanks  filling by samples, principles of selection of donors biological  specimens, methods of laboratory research are discussed.Обзор посвящен оценке популяционного иммунитета и эффективности вакцинации против  грипп. Многолетние наблюдения за коллективным (популяционным) иммунитетом, включая  поствакцинальный, при гриппе остаются важной составляющей эпидемиологического надзора. Новые возможности в исследовании популяционного  иммунитета открываются с созданием системы биологических банков (биобанков).  Приводятся данные по принципам построения биобанков в мире, сферы их применения,  современное состояние данной отрасли. Представлены сведения о коллекциях возбудителей инфекционных заболеваний. Даны предложения по построению сети  биобанков в Российской Федерации с внедрением в систему эпидемиологического надзора  за вирусными заболеваниями. Обсуждается структура наполняемости биобанков образцами, принципы подбора доноров биологических образцов,  методы их лабораторного изучения