«Зеленое» финансирование и ESG: возможность для устойчивого социально-экономического развития

The implementation of the sustainable development strategy and the formation of a “green” economy model provide for the reorientation of financial resources, accounting by economic entities and public authorities and management of ESG-principles and the development of “green” financing tools.The purpose of the paper is to develop theoretical provisions and modeling of the impact of “green” financing on the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation.Methods of data mining were used with temporary delays and corresponding lags responses of endogenous indicators, as well as cluster and correlation analysis. The result of the study was the specification of the economic content of the definition of “green” financing, as well as the construction of econometric models of the degree of interrelationship between “green” financing and the socio-economic development of the regions of Russia. The authors described the economic content of the definition of “green” financing, developed econometric models of the degree of interdependence of “green” financing and socioeconomic growth of Russia’s regions, calculated an integral indicator of sustainable socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation taking into account ESGfactors (social risks, environmental risks, quality of management). Clustering of Russian regions according to the level of influence of “green” financing on their socio-economic development has also been carried out.The article concludes that the relationship between the level of socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation and the volume of “green” financing is direct, strong, and can be expressed by increasing linear regression. The prospects for further research may be related to the assessment of the real needs of the volumes of “green” financing in the context of ensuring sustainable economic growth.Реализация стратегии устойчивого развития и формирование модели «зеленой» экономики предусматривают переориентацию финансовых ресурсов, учет хозяйствующими субъектами и органами государственной власти и управления ESG-принципов и развитие инструментов «зеленого» финансирования.Цель работы —  развитие теоретических положений и моделирование влияния «зеленого» финансирования на социально-экономическое развитие субъектов Российской Федерации.Использованы методы интеллектуального анализа данных с учетом временных запаздываний и соответствующих лаговых откликов эндогенных показателей, а также кластерный и корреляционный анализ. Авторы конкретизировали экономическое содержание дефиниции «зеленое» финансирование, построили эконометрические модели степени взаимосвязи «зеленого» финансирования и социально-экономического развития регионов России, рассчитали интегральный показатель устойчивого социально-экономического развития регионов РФ с учетом ESG-факторов (социальные риски, экологические риски, качество управления). Также осуществлена кластеризация регионов России по уровню влияния «зеленого» финансирования на их социально-экономическое развитие.Сделан вывод о том, что связь между уровнем социально-экономического развития регионов РФ и объемом «зеленого» финансирования —  прямая, сильная, может быть выражена возрастающей линейной регрессией. Перспективы дальнейших исследований могут быть связаны с оценкой реальных потребностей объемов «зеленого» финансирования в контексте обеспечения устойчивого экономического роста

Electron-spin-resonance in the doped spin-Peierls compound Cu(1-x)Ni(x)GeO3

ESR-study of the Ni-doped spin-Peierls compound CuGeO3 has been performed in the frequency range 9-75 GHz. At low temperatures the g-factor is smaller than the value expected for Cu- and Ni-ions. This anomaly is explained by the formation of magnetic clusters around the Ni-ions within a nonmagnetic spin-Peierls matrix. The transition into the AFM-state detected earlier by neutron scattering for doped samples was studied by means of ESR. For x=0.032 a gap in the magnetic resonance spectrum is found below the Neel temperature and the spectrum is well described by the theory of antiferromagnetic resonance based on the molecular field approximation. For x=0.017 the spectrum below the Neel point remained gapless. The gapless spectrum of the antiferromagnetic state in weekly doped samples is attributed to the small value of the Neel order parameter and to the magnetically disordered spin-Peierls background.Comment: 16 pages, LATEX, 12 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics : Condensed Matte

«Зеленое» финансирование в России: современное состояние и перспективы развития

The aim of the work is to assess the current state of green financing in the Russian Federation and develop proposals to stimulate its further development. The methodological basis of the research was modern economic and mathematical methods: cluster analysis, building a regression model. This helped obtain results that possess both a certain scientific novelty and practical significance. The authors considered the evolution of scientific consensus about the concept of sustainable development and the formation of a green economy. They analyzed the current state of green financing in the Russian Federation for 2000–2018. Clustering the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by environmental investments and current environmental expenditures allowed for identifying the regions, leaders and outsiders in these processes, as well as revealing a high regional differentiation in financing green projects. The regression model helped prove that with increased investments in fixed assets aimed at environmental protection and rational use of natural resources by 1 million rubles, Russia’s GDP will increase by 0.1 billion rubles. Increasing current environmental expenditures in organizations by 1 million rubles will raise Russia’s GDP by 0.3 billion rubles. The authors concluded that to stimulate the development of green financing in Russia, it is necessary to implement policies providing for an appropriate regulatory framework; development and use of new tools for financing green projects; creation of a specialized banking institution.Цель работы — оценка современного состояния «зеленого» финансирования в Российской Федерации и разработка предложений по стимулированию его дальнейшего развития. Методологической основой исследования стало применение современных экономико-математических методов: кластерного анализа, построения регрессионной модели. Это позволило получить результаты, обладающие как определенной научной новизной, так и практической значимостью. Рассмотрена эволюция взглядов ученых относительно концепции устойчивого развития и формирования «зеленой» экономики. Проанализировано современное состояние «зеленого» финансирования в Российской Федерации за 2000–2018 гг. Проведена кластеризация субъектов РФ по уровню экологических инвестиций и текущих затрат на охрану окружающей природной среды, которая позволила выделить регионы, являющиеся лидерами и аутсайдерами данных процессов, а также установить факт высокого уровня региональной дифференциации в вопросах финансирования «зеленых» проектов. Построенная авторами регрессионная модель позволила доказать, что при увеличении инвестиций в основной капитал, направленных на охрану окружающей среды и рациональное использование природных ресурсов на 1 млн руб., объем ВВП России возрастет на 0,1 млрд руб. При росте текущих затрат организаций на охрану окружающей природной среды на 1 млн руб. уровень ВВП России увеличится на 0,3 млрд руб. В статье сделан вывод о том, что для стимулирования развития «зеленого» финансирования в России необходима реализация комплекса мер, предусматривающих формирование соответствующей нормативно-правовой базы; разработку и использование новых инструментов для финансирования «зеленых» проектов; создание специализированного банковского института

Remote monitoring of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a mobile application

Background: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in childhood is increasing every year. Adolescence is the most challenging age for achieving optimal metabolic control of T1DM. Telemedicine has already been shown to be ­effective in children with the condition, but there are not enough studies in adolescents. The use of mobile apps may be associated with better glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes.Aims: To assess the effectiveness and safety of a model of medical care for adolescents with type 1 diabetes using remote counseling and a mobile application.Materials and methods: Were included adolescents aged ≥14 and 18 years with a T1DM duration> 3 months, a glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c)> 7%. The duration of the study was 26 weeks. There were 3 face-to-face and at least 4 remote visits using a mobile application. All patients underwent standard examination and anthropometry, study of HbA1c, registration and analysis of indicators, assessment and correction of the treatment. The quality of life of adolescents was assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. Adolescents and physicians were interviewed about program evaluation.Results: 56 patients were included, 7 adolescents withdrew. HbA1c significantly decreased by the 12th week of the study (–0.3%; p = 0.005), by the end of the study the change in HbA1c was –0.5% (p <0.001). There was an increase in the percentage of glucose measurements in the target range (+5.3 pp; p = 0.016) and a decrease in blood glucose variability (-3.1 pp; p =  0.015). There was a significant improvement in both the total assessment of the quality of life by patients (+2.9 points; p = 0.008) and individual components of its indicators: attitude to diabetes (+3.0 points; p = 0.049), attitude to treatment (+4.6 points; p = 0.010) and communication with others (+4.5 points; p = 0.015). The majority of doctors and patients assessed their participation in the study positively. The incidence of adverse events did not change significantly during the study from baseline.Conclusion: Remote counseling using a mobile app is a safe and effective approach for adolescents with T1DM in terms of glycemic control and quality of life, and provides convenience and speed of interaction

The use of Flash glucose monitoring in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in real clinical practice

BACKGROUND: In 2018, a Frestyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system (FGM) appeared in Russia and became a potential alternative to the traditional CGM. Studies carried out to date have shown the advantages of FGM over SMBG, but only a few of them relate to real clinical practice, especially in children with type 1 diabetes.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of FGM in children with T1DM in relation to glycemic control indicators, the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, as well as the satisfaction of patients and their parents with the use of FGM.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-center, prospective, observational cohort study. Children 4–18 years old with T1DM and HbA1c level less than 10.0% were invited to participate in the study on intensified insulin therapy (by MDI or CSII). The duration of the patient’s participation in the study was 6 months. At baseline and every 3 months thereafter, face-to-face consultations were conducted with an assessment of the general condition, HbA1c study, an assessment of glycemic indicators, progress in relation to glycemic control targets and correction of the therapy. A total of 228 patients (110 boys and 118 girls) who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The median age was 11.2 (8.6–14.7) years, the duration of type 1 diabetes was 3.8 (2–7.1), 136 patients received insulin therapy by CSII for 1.3 (0.8–2.6) years.RESULTS: In the general group of patients, 3 and 6 months after the start of FGM use, the HbA1c values decreased statistically significantly by 0.2%. In addition, the number of children with HbA1c <7.5% increased by 6.1 and 4.9% at 3 and 6 months, respectively, but these changes were not statistically significant. The number of cases of DKA when using FGM decreased by 74%, and the number of cases of severe hypoglycemia by 83%, thus the number of episodes decreased by 4 and 6 times, respectively. Patients and / or their parents rated the ease of use and their experience with FGM on a scale from 0 (strongly agree) to 4 (strongly disagree). The majority of children and parents positively (0 or 1) assessed the convenience of installing and wearing the sensor (72.7–98.2%) using the FGM system in general (75.0–96.4%) and in comparison with the SMBG glucometer (92.3–98.2%).CONCLUSION: The installation and use of FGM is convenient and comfortable for the vast majority of children and parents, while compared to SMBG, the use of FGM is more convenient and simpler, and glucose measurement is much faster and less painful

Inhomogeneity of charge and spin distribution in CuO2 layers of high-Tx superconductors: NQR/NMR studies of 1-2-3 compounds

The copper NQR and ZFNMR and thulium NMR are studied in a series of 123 superconductors. It is found that in the aged 60-K superconductors RBa2Cu3O6+x the well known conducting (nonmagnetic) phase co-exists with the magnetically-ordered phase. Both microphases contain two types of inequivalent Cu(2) sites in CuO2 planes. In the conducting phase, these sites differ only in the Cu(2) NQR frequency, whereas in the magnetic one they differ also in the value of hyperfine magnetic fields at Cu(2) nuclei. These differences and the occupation numbers of the two sites are found to be independent of x (in the range x = 0.5 - 0.6) and of the volume fraction of the magnetic phase. At low temperatures, the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in both microphases proceeds via magnetic centers formed by hole-doped Cu-O-Cu chain fragments. © 1999 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Magnetostimulated Chandges of Microhardness in Potassium Acid Phthalate Crystals

A decrease in microhardness along the (010) cleavage in potassium acid phthalate single crystals by 15--18% after the application of a permanent magnetic field was revealed for the first time. It is shown that the effect revealed is of the volume character. The role of interlayer water in the processes stimulated by a magnetic field is studied., Interlayer water plays does not cause the observed changes it only plays the part of an indicator of these changes in potassium acid phthalate crystals in a magnetic field. It is established that microhardness in the (100) plane of the crystal in an applied a magnetic field first increases by 12--15% and then remains constant in time within the accuracy of the experiment. The possibility of varying the crystal structure of potassium acid phthalate crystals by applying magnetic fields inducing rearrangement in the system of hydrogen bonds or in the defect structure is discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

The role of specific pancreatic antibodies in the differential diagnosis of complete clinical and laboratory remission of type 1 diabetes mellitus and MODY in children

BACKGROUND: T1D is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, which develops due to genetic and environmental risk factors. Shortly after initiating the treatment with insulin, 80% of children with T1D may require smaller doses of insulin and develop clinical and laboratory remission of the disease so called «honeymoon». The issue of whether there is a need of differential diagnosis between autoimmune DM and non-immune forms of DM raises in cases of preclinical diagnosis of T1D and laboratory remission for more than 6 months.AIM: To study the clinical, immunological, genetic characteristics of T1D remission phase and MODY in children, to determine the diagnostic criteria for T1D and MODY in children.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-centre, cross sectional noncontrolled comparative study of two independent cohorts. Data of 150 children examined in the Endocrinology Research Center (January 2016–June 2021). First cohort included patients with complete clinical and laboratory remission of T1D (n=36), second cohort included patients with MODY, confirmed by genetic study (n=114).RESULTS: The median age of diabetes manifestation was significantly higher in patients with T1D — 11.25 years [8.33; 13.78] than in patients with MODY — 7.5 years [4.6; 12.2] (p=0.004). In patients with T1D remission the level of glycated hemoglobin was 6.0% [5.6; 6.4], in group with MODY — 6.5% [6.2; 6.7] (p<0.001). Patients with monogenic diabetes had impaired fasting glucose — 6.27 mmol/l [5.38; 6.72], while patients with remission phase had normoglycemia — 5.12 mmol/l [4.17; 5.87]. The oral glucose tolerance test was perform to all patients, two-hour glucose level did not significantly differ in two groups (p=0.08). A strong family history of diabetes in patients with MODY registered more often (93% vs. 66.7%). A positive autoantibody titer detected more often in patients with remission of T1D (77.8%) than in patients with MODY (11.4%). In addition, no more than 1 type of autoantibodies was detected in patients with MODY.CONCLUSION: Antibodies ZnT8 and IA2 showed the greatest significance for the differential diagnosis of T1D and MODY in cases with long absents of insulin requirement in children with diabetes mellitus. Genetic test is recommended in seronegative cases. If only one type of AT is detected, specialist should decide on the need to do diagnostic genetic test based on a comprehensive analysis of the patient’s clinic characteristics, including family history, manifestation and blood glucose levels

C-peptide levels and the prevalence of islets autoantibodies in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus with different duration of the disease

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by the development of absolute insulin deficiency. In some patients residual insulin secretion may persist for a long time. C-peptide is a widely used to measure the pancreatic beta cells function, in clinical practice and in research studies.AIM: To assess C-peptide levels and presence of islets autoantibodies (Ab) in children with different duration of T1DM and to identify factors associated with the preserved secretion.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-center cross-sectional study including data from 703 cases of children with T1DM, examined in the Endocrinology Research Center in 2016-2020, who was underwent a study of C-peptide levels and was positive for one or more islets antibodies (ZnT8, IA-2, GAD, ICA, IAA). There were 3 groups of patients: 1st — T1DM duration < 1 year, 2nd — from 1 to 5 years, 3rd — > 5 years.RESULTS: The median of the fasting C-peptide level in the 1st group was 0.6 ng/ml [0.27; 1.09]; in the 2nd group — 0.2 ng/ml [0.01; 0.8]; in the 3rd group — 0.01 ng/ml [0.01; 0.037]. The preserved secretion of C-peptide (> 0.6 ng/ml) was determined in 51.4% in the 1st group, in 31.4% — in the 2nd group and in 11.4% in the 3rd group. In patients with obesity during the first year from the T1DM diagnosis C-peptide levels above 1.1 ng/ml was determined significantly more often (65.2%), as well as at the period of 1 to 5 years of the disease (35.7%), compared with children with normal BMI (18.5% and 14.5%, respectively) or overweight (15.7% and 19%, respectively), p <0.01. A negative correlation was found between C-peptide levels and the duration of T1DM (r = -0.489, p = 0.000), the daily dose of insulin (r = -0.637, p = 0.000), a positive association was found with the age of diagnosis of T1DM (r = 0.547, p = 0.000). The frequency of the presence of one type of islets autoantibodies in all groups was 29.5%, 2 types — 33.6%, 3 and more types — 36.9%. The titer of IA-2, ZnT8 decreased with the disease duration (p <0.05 and p <0.01, respectively), while the titer of ICA increased (p <0.01). No associations between the types, number, antibodies titer and C-peptide levels, age of disease manifestation were found.CONCLUSION: C-peptide levels in children with T1DM in groups with older age at diagnosis and with obesity is significantly higher for the first 5 years of the disease. The study have shown the titer of IA-2, ZnT8 is decreasing with the disease duration, in turn, the frequency of detection of ICA increases. No association between C-peptide levels and the type, number and titer of antibodies were found

Chronic VEGF Blockade Worsens Glomerular Injury in the Remnant Kidney Model

VEGF inhibition can promote renal vascular and parenchymal injury, causing proteinuria, hypertension and thrombotic microangiopathy. The mechanisms underlying these side effects are unclear. We investigated the renal effects of the administration, during 45 days, of sunitinib (Su), a VEGF receptor inhibitor, to rats with 5/6 renal ablation (Nx). Adult male Munich-Wistar rats were distributed among groups S+V, sham-operated rats receiving vehicle only; S+Su, S rats given Su, 4 mg/kg/day; Nx+V, Nx rats receiving V; and Nx+Su, Nx rats receiving Su. Su caused no change in Group S. Seven and 45 days after renal ablation, renal cortical interstitium was expanded, in association with rarefaction of peritubular capillaries. Su did not worsen hypertension, proteinuria or interstitial expansion, nor did it affect capillary rarefaction, suggesting little angiogenic activity in this model. Nx animals exhibited glomerulosclerosis (GS), which was aggravated by Su. This effect could not be explained by podocyte damage, nor could it be ascribed to tuft hypertrophy or hyperplasia. GS may have derived from organization of capillary microthrombi, frequently observed in Group Nx+Su. Treatment with Su did not reduce the fractional glomerular endothelial area, suggesting functional rather than structural cell injury. Chronic VEGF inhibition has little effect on normal rats, but can affect glomerular endothelium when renal damage is already present