SURVEY OF UPPER RATTLESNAKE CREEK, A TROUT-SPAWNING TRIBUTARY OF THE CLARK FORK RIVER (MT), FOR TUBIFEX TUBIFEX

Rattlesnake Creek is a tributary of the Clark Fork River that flows through parts of western Montana and through Missoula. Currently, an effort is underway to increase spawning habitat for bull and westslope cutthroat trout in the Clark Fork drainage. One proposal in this effort includes the modification or removal of the Mountain Water Company dam on lower Rattlesnake Creek that currently blocks fish passage. The removal or modification of this dam would open miles of prime spawning habitat. However, the Clark Fork River is known to be contaminated with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of salmonid whirling disease. The presence of this parasite in the Clark Fork River has lead to concerns that removal/modification of the dam would allow the parasite to spread into the upper reaches of Rattlesnake Creek, endangering the wild trout populations already established there. Therefore, the objective of this study was to survey the upper portions of Rattlesnake Creek for the presence of the aquatic oligochaete, Tubifex tubifex. T. tubifex is an obligatory host for M. cerebralis and the parasite cannot be transmitted to trout in its absence. An earlier, cursory study by another investigator did not detect T. tubifex in the Rattlesnake, so we conducted a more comprehensive survey of the creek for this oligochaete. Further, these worms were screened for the presence of M. cerebralis triactinomyxons (TAMs; stage of parasite that infects trout)

Superconductivity in hole-doped C60 from electronic correlations

We derive a model for the highest occupied molecular orbital band of a C60 crystal which includes on-site electron-electron interactions. The form of the interactions are based on the icosahedral symmetry of the C60 molecule together with a perturbative treatment of an isolated C60 molecule. Using this model we do a mean-field calculation in two dimensions on the [100] surface of the crystal. Due to the multi-band nature we find that electron-electron interactions can have a profound effect on the density of states as a function of doping. The doping dependence of the transition temperature can then be qualitatively different from that expected from simple BCS theory based on the density of states from band structure calculations

Nordic homicide in deep time : lethal violence in the early modern era and present times

Nordic Homicide in Deep Time draws a unique, detailed picture of developments in human violence and presents new findings on homicide in Northern Europe in two eras – the 17th century and early 21st century. The book provides answers to questions, such as where and when did homicide typically occur, who were the victims and the offenders, and what were the circumstances of their conflicts? Additionally, it offers an empirically grounded view on how state consolidation and changing routines of everyday life transformed the patterns of criminal homicide in the Nordics. This publication is also a methodological experiment. When developing a new approach for extending homicide research into the deep past, the authors created a new instrument, the Historical Homicide Monitor. This tool combines wide explanatory scope, measurement standardization, and articulated theory expression. By retroactively expanding research data to the pre-statistical era, the method enables long-duration comparison of different periods and areas. Written by an interdisciplinary team of criminologists and historians for professionals, students and anyone interested in the history of human behaviour, Nordic Homicide in Deep Time helps the reader to understand modern homicide by revealing the historical continuities and changes in lethal violence.VertaisarvioitupeerReviewe

Antiferromagnetic spin ladders effectively coupled by one-dimensional electron liquids

We study a model of the stripe state in strongly correlated systems consisting of an array of antiferromagnetic spin ladders, each with $n_{leg}$ legs, coupled to each other through the spin-exchange interaction to charged stripes in between each pair of ladders. The charged stripes are assumed to be Luttinger liquids in a spin-gap regime (Luther-Emery). An effective interaction for a pair of neighboring ladders is calculated by integrating out the gapped spin degree of freedom in the charged stripe. The low energy effective theory of each ladder is the usual nonlinear $\sigma$-model with additional cross couplings of neighboring ladders. These interactions are found to favor either in-phase or anti-phase short range spin orderings depending on whether the charge stripe is site-centered or bond-centered as well as on its filling factor and other physical parameters of the charged stripe.Comment: 4 pages with 1 figure, revised introduction and discussion section

Nordic Homicide in Deep Time

Nordic Homicide in Deep Time draws a unique and detailed picture of developments in human interpersonal violence and presents new findings on rates, patterns, and long-term changes in lethal violence in the Nordics. Conducted by an interdisciplinary team of criminologists and historians, the book analyses homicide and lethal violence in northern Europe in two eras – the 17th century and early 21st century. Similar and continuous societal structures, cultural patterns, and legal cultures allow for long-term and comparative homicide research in the Nordic context. Reflecting human universals and stable motives, such as revenge, jealousy, honour, and material conflicts, homicide as a form of human behaviour enables long-duration comparison. By describing the rates and patterns of homicide during these two eras, the authors unveil continuity and change in human violence. Where and when did homicide typically take place? Who were the victims and the offenders, what where the circumstances of their conflicts? Was intimate partner homicide more prevalent in the early modern period than in present times? How long a time elapsed from violence to death? Were homicides often committed in the context of other crime? The book offers answers to these questions among others, comparing regions and eras. We gain a unique and empirically grounded view on how state consolidation and changing routines of everyday life transformed the patterns of criminal homicide in Nordic society. The path to pacification was anything but easy, punctuated by shorter crises of social turmoil, and high violence. The book is also a methodological experiment that seeks to assess the feasibility of long-duration standardized homicide analysis and to better understand the logic of homicide variation across space and over time. In developing a new approach for extending homicide research into the deep past, the authors have created the Historical Homicide Monitor. The new instrument combines wide explanatory scope, measurement standardization, and articulated theory expression. By retroactively expanding research data to the pre-statistical era, the method enables long-duration comparison of different periods and areas. Based on in-depth source critique, the approach captures patterns of criminal behaviour, beyond the control activity of the courts. The authors foresee the application of their approach in even remoter periods. Nordic Homicide in Deep Time helps the reader to understand modern homicide by revealing the historical continuities and changes in lethal violence. The book is written for professionals, university students and anyone interested in the history of human behaviour