Identificação de polimorfimos de base única (SNPs) em genes relacionados à taxa de ovulação em ovinos.

Resumo 708

Raça Morada Nova: origem, características e perspectivas.

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Tendências genéticas para características relacionadas à velocidade de crescimento em bovinos Nelore na Região Nordeste do Brasil.

Foram estimados os parâmetros e as tendências genéticas dos efeitos direto e materno na característica dias para ganhar 160 kg (D160) na fase pré-desmama e do efeito direto na característica dias para ganhar 240 kg (D240) na fase pós-desmama, em bovinos da raça Nelore, nascidos no período de 1965 a 2001, na região Nordeste do Brasil. Os parâmetros e as predições dos valores genéticos foram estimados utilizando o aplicativo MTDFREML. Para D160, o modelo incluiu os efeitos aleatórios genéticos direto e materno e de ambiente permanente, além dos efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo e da covariável idade da vaca ao parto, admitindo a covariância entre o efeito direto e materno igual a zero. Para D240 foram considerados os mesmos efeitos fixos, porém, apenas o efeito genético direto como efeito aleatório. As tendências genéticas foram estimadas pela regressão dos valores genéticos sobre o ano de nascimento dos animais. As estimativas de herdabilidade direta e materna para D160 foram, respectivamente, 0,12 ± 0,01 e 0,07 ± 0,02. A estimativa de herdabilidade direta para D240 foi 0,16 ± 0,02. As tendências genéticas dos efeitos diretos foram significativas, com valores estimados de -0,14 e -0,41 dias/ano para D160 e D240, respectivamente. A tendência genética do efeito materno para D160 foi significativa e igual a -0,0037 dias/ano. As mudanças genéticas foram favoráveis, porém inferiores aos ganhos potenciais. Genetic trends for traits related to the growth rate in Nellore cattle raised in the Northeast region of Brazil. ABSTRACT - The objectives of this work were to estimate the genetic parameters and the genetic trends of the direct and maternal effects for the trait days to gain 160 kg (D160) in the pre-weaning period, and of the direct effect for the trait days to gain 240 kg (D240) in the post-weaning period, of animals of Nellore breed, born from 1965 to 2001 in the Northeast region of Brazil. The analyses were carried out using the MTDFREML software. For D160 the model included the direct and maternal genetic random effects and maternal permanent environmental effect, besides the fixed effects of contemporary group and the covariate age of dam at calving, assuming the covariance between maternal and direct effect equal to zero (sam=0). For D240, the same fixed effects were considered, however, just the direct genetic effect as random. The genetic trends were estimated by linear regression of the breeding values on year of birth of the animals. The direct and maternal heritabilities for D160, respectively, were 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.07 ± 0.02. The direct heritability for D240 was 0.16 ± 0.02. The genetic trends of the direct effects were significant, with estimated values of –0.14 and -0.41 days/year for D160 and D240, respectively. The genetic trend of the maternal effect for D160 was significant and equal to -0.0037 days/year. The genetic trends were favorable, however, inferiors the potential gain

Genetic parameters for growth, reproductive and maternal traits in a multibreed meat sheep population

The genetic parameters for growth, reproductive and maternal traits in a multibreed meat sheep population were estimated by applying the Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood method to an animal model. Data from a flock supported by the Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Caprinos e Ovinos de Corte (GENECOC) were used. The traits studied included birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), slaughter weight (SW), yearling weight (YW), weight gain from birth to weaning (GBW), weight gain from weaning to slaughter (GWS), weight gain from weaning to yearling (GWY), age at first lambing (AFL), lambing interval (LI), gestation length (GL), lambing date (LD - number of days between the start of breeding season and lambing), litter weight at birth (LWB) and litter weight at weaning (LWW). The direct heritabilities were 0.35, 0.81, 0.65, 0.49, 0.20, 0.15 and 0.39 for BW, WW, SW, YW, GBW, GWS and GWY, respectively, and 0.04, 0.06, 0.10, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.11 for AFL, LI, GL, LD, LWB and LWW, respectively. Positive genetic correlations were observed among body weights. In contrast, there was a negative genetic correlation between GBW and GWS (-0.49) and GBW and GWY (-0.56). Positive genetic correlations were observed between AFL and LI, LI and GL, and LWB and LWW. These results indicate a strong maternal influence in this herd and the presence of sufficient genetic variation to allow mass selection for growth traits. Additive effects were of little importance for reproductive traits, and other strategies are necessary to improve the performance of these animals