Triple molybdates one-, one - and three(two)valence metals

The authors thank Ph. D. M. K. Alibaeva, Ph. D. I. A. Gudkova and Ph. D. I. V. Korolkova for participation in the research.The review summarizes experimental data on the phase formation, structure and properties of new complex oxide compounds group - triple molybdates containing tetrahedral molybdate ion, two different singly charged cation, together with tri- or divalent cation. The several structural families of these compounds were distinguished and it shown that many of them are of interest as luminescent, laser, ion-conducting or nonlinear optical materials.The work is executed at partial support of the Russian Foundation for basic research (projects No. 08-03-00384, 13-03-01020 and 14-03-00298)

The temperature and chronology of heavy-element synthesis in low-mass stars

Roughly half of the heavy elements (atomic mass greater than that of iron) are believed to be synthesized in the late evolutionary stages of stars with masses between 0.8 and 8 solar masses. Deep inside the star, nuclei (mainly iron) capture neutrons and progressively build up (through the slow-neutron-capture process, or s-process) heavier elements that are subsequently brought to the stellar surface by convection. Two neutron sources, activated at distinct temperatures, have been proposed: 13C and 22Ne, each releasing one neutron per alpha-particle (4He) captured. To explain the measured stellar abundances, stellar evolution models invoking the 13C neutron source (which operates at temperatures of about one hundred million kelvin) are favoured. Isotopic ratios in primitive meteorites, however, reflecting nucleosynthesis in the previous generations of stars that contributed material to the Solar System, point to higher temperatures (more than three hundred million kelvin), requiring at least a late activation of 22Ne. Here we report a determination of the s-process temperature directly in evolved low-mass giant stars, using zirconium and niobium abundances, independently of stellar evolution models. The derived temperature supports 13C as the s-process neutron source. The radioactive pair 93Zr-93Nb used to estimate the s-process temperature also provides, together with the pair 99Tc-99Ru, chronometric information on the time elapsed since the start of the s-process, which we determine to be one million to three million years.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figure

Dynamical Jahn-Teller Effect and Berry Phase in Positively Charged Fullerene I. Basic Considerations

We study the Jahn-Teller effect of positive fullerene ions $^2$C$_{60}^{+}$ and $^1$C$_{60}^{2+}$. The aim is to discover if this case, in analogy with the negative ion, possesses a Berry phase or not, and what are the consequences on dynamical Jahn-Teller quantization. Working in the linear and spherical approximation, we find no Berry phase in $^1$C$_{60}^{2+}$, and presence/absence of Berry phase for coupling of one $L=2$ hole to an $L=4$/$L=2$ vibration. We study in particular the special equal-coupling case ($g_2=g_4$), which is reduced to the motion of a particle on a 5-dimensional sphere. In the icosahedral molecule, the final outcome assesses the presence/absence of a Berry phase of $\pi$ for the $h_u$ hole coupled to $G_g$/$H_h$ vibrations. Some qualitative consequences on ground-state symmetry, low-lying excitations, and electron emission from C$_{60}$ are spelled out.Comment: 31 pages (RevTeX), 3 Postscript figures (uuencoded

Surprises in the Orbital Magnetic Moment and g-Factor of the Dynamic Jahn-Teller Ion C_{60}^-

We calculate the magnetic susceptibility and g-factor of the isolated C_{60}^- ion at zero temperature, with a proper treatment of the dynamical Jahn-Teller effect, and of the associated orbital angular momentum, Ham-reduced gyromagnetic ratio, and molecular spin-orbit coupling. A number of surprises emerge. First, the predicted molecular spin-orbit splitting is two orders of magnitude smaller than in the bare carbon atom, due to the large radius of curvature of the molecule. Second, this reduced spin-orbit splitting is comparable to Zeeman energies, for instance, in X-band EPR at 3.39KGauss, and a field dependence of the g-factor is predicted. Third, the orbital gyromagnetic factor is strongly reduced by vibron coupling, and so therefore are the effective weak-field g-factors of all low-lying states. In particular, the ground-state doublet of C_{60}^- is predicted to show a negative g-factor of \sim -0.1.Comment: 19 pages RevTex, 2 postscript figures include

Критерии судебно-психологической экспертной оценки юридически релевантных эмоциональных состояний у обвиняемых: методические рекомендации

The paper discusses a multivariate classification of the concept of “heat of passion” as it is used in forensic psychology, as well as emotional reactions and emotional states. It explores the criteria for differential diagnosis of “heat of passion” and emotional states that have a significant effect on the defendant's consciousness and behavior at the time of committing a crime. An algorithm of forensic psychological evaluation of the defendant's emotional states is proposed, together with examples of sample wording of expert conclusions, and their legal meaning.Приведены многомерная классификация судебно-психологического понятия аффекта, эмоциональные реакции и состояния. Раскрыты критерии дифференциальной диагностики аффекта и эмоциональных состояний, оказывающих существенное влияние на сознание и поведение обвиняемых в момент совершения правонарушения. Даны алгоритм производства экспертизы эмоциональных состояний обвиняемого, типичные формулировки экспертных выводов, показано их юридическое значение

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum