Etiology of influenza-like illnesses in the population of Novosibirsk city in the 2018–2019 epidemic season

Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections lead to a substantial incidence of severe cases and hospitalizations and so remain a global health problem. Within the frame of the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN), we assessed the contribution of influenza and other respiratory viruses to severe cases of influenzalike diseases in patients hospitalized to the Novosibirsk infectious hospitals in the years 2018–2019. We analyzed 484 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients admitted to the hospitals with acute respiratory infections (ARI) using real-time polymerase chain reaction commercial kits. We confirmed viral etiology of ARI in 69.8% cases. Influenza viruses were detected in 47.1% cases, wherein concomitant circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses was observed in 20.7% and 26% of patients, respectively, whereas influenza B virus was detected only in one sample. All analyzed influenza A viruses were antigenically similar to vaccine strains. Genetically, the Novosibirsk strains were closely related to influenza A viruses distributed in Russia and worldwide. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was detected in all patients aged 0 to 14 years and required intensive care. Other respiratory viruses were detected in 36.4% of children and 5.8% of adults, and 8.3% of children had viral coinfection, whereas no cases of coinfection were detected in adults. The most common viruses in children were metapneumovirus — 12.8%, rhinovirus — 9.3% and respiratory syncytial virus — 8.0%. In adults, metapneumovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus and rhinovirus were detected with a detection rate no exceeding 2%. In this study, we found no differences in the detection rate of the influenza virus due to concomitant chronic diseases, pregnancy, or smoking habits. At the same time, the detection rate of other respiratory viruses in non-smokers vs. smokers was significantly lower than in smokers and former smokers (26.15%, 66.67% and 62.50%, respectively). In addition, the level of detection of respiratory viruses in children with vs. without chronic pathology was significantly higher (55.3% and 38.7%, respectively). Thus, our and similar studies are important for monitoring and control of the infection

Вариант вируса гриппа в, адаптированный к мышам, для изучения лечебной и профилактической эффективности противовирусных препаратов in vitro и in vivo

Objective: to develop a new antigenic relevance influenza B virus suitable for modeling influenza infection in mice to assess of in vivo and in vitro therapeutic and preventive efficacy of antiviral drugs.Materials and methods: was carried out an adaptation of influenza B virus in BALB/c mice. Was performed, comparative assessment of in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity of the parenta! virus and. adapted, influenza B virus. Was assessed, inhibition of neuraminidase with antiviral drugs (oseltamivir ethoxyacrylate and. Tamiflu) in relation to the adapted, influenza B virus.Results: adapted  influenza B virus (B/Novosibirsk/40/2017-MA strain) models non-lethal influenza infection with pronounced, clinical signs of the disease in experimental animals. Were described the destructive changes in lungs and. brain that increases during infection. Analysis of internal organs (lungs, brain, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen) were revealed viral load only in the lungs. Were evaluated, in vivo and in vitro efficacy of antiviral drugs (oseltamivir ethoxysuccinate and Tamiflu®) on the model of influenza infection. Were proved, the high, efficiency of the innovative drug — oseltamivir ethoxysuccinate.Conclusion: the antigen-relevant adapted, influenza B virus (B/Novosibirsk/40/2017-MA strain) can be used, to assess the drug effectiveness against influenza, as well as an additional tool for predicting the effectiveness of the vaccine against drifting strains.Цель: разработка нового, обладающего антигенной актуальностью, штамма вируса гриппа типа В, пригодного для моделирования гриппозной инфекции у экспериментальных мышей для оценки лечебной и профилактической эффективности противовирусных препаратов in vivo и in vitro.Mатериалы и методы: была проведена адаптация вируса гриппа В на мышах линии BALB/c. Выполнена сравнительная оценка патогенности родительского и адаптированного вариантов вируса гриппа В в экспериментах in vivo и in vitro. Используя адаптированный вариант вируса гриппа В, проведена оценка ингибирования нейраминидазы с помощью противовирусных лекарственных средств (осельтамивира этоксисукцинат, и Тамифлю®).Результаты: полученный адаптированный вариант, вируса гриппа В штамм. В/Novosibirsk/40/2017-MA моделирует у экспериментальных животных нелетальную гриппозную инфекцию с выраженными клиническими признаками заболевания. Описаны, деструктивные изменения в лёгких и головном, мозге, нарастающие в ходе инфекции. Вирусологический анализ внутренних органов (лёгкие, головной мозг, печень, сердце, почки, селезёнка) выявил репликацию вируса гриппа только в лёгких. На данной модели гриппозной инфекции проведена оценка эффективности противовирусных лекарственных средств (осель-тамивира этоксисукцинат, и Тамифлю®) in vivo и in vitro. Доказана высокая эффективность инновационного лекарственного средства осельтамивира этоксисукцинат..Заключение: полученный антигенно актуальный вирус гриппа В штамм В/Novosibirsk/40/2017-MA может, быть использован, для оценки эффективности противогриппозных препаратов, а также в качестве дополнительного инструмента прогнозирования эффективности вакцины, против дрейфующих штаммов

Results of external quality control study in flow cytometric acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnostics

Comparison of interpretation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) flow cytometric diagnostics data was the aim of the study. Immunophenotyping data obtained from 10 patients with ALL were analysed separately in 26 laboratories from Russian Federation and Kazahstan. Results comparison showed four main type of discordance: B-lineage ALL diagnostics during heavy bone marrow regeneration, great variability of T-ALL interpretation, complexity of ambiguous lineage acute leukemia and, finally, very different report types, unique for each laboratory. All these problems are the serious obstacles for standardization of flow cytometric ALL diagnostics in multicenter setting. Continuation of similar QC rounds following by consecutive discussions with further development of consensus diagnostic algorithm could be the first step for standardization of ALL immunophenotyping in Russian Federation and CIS countries

Mouse-adapted influenza B virus for in vitro and in vivo assessment of therapeutic and preventive efficacy of antiviral drugs

Objective: to develop a new antigenic relevance influenza B virus suitable for modeling influenza infection in mice to assess of in vivo and in vitro therapeutic and preventive efficacy of antiviral drugs.Materials and methods: was carried out an adaptation of influenza B virus in BALB/c mice. Was performed, comparative assessment of in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity of the parenta! virus and. adapted, influenza B virus. Was assessed, inhibition of neuraminidase with antiviral drugs (oseltamivir ethoxyacrylate and. Tamiflu) in relation to the adapted, influenza B virus.Results: adapted  influenza B virus (B/Novosibirsk/40/2017-MA strain) models non-lethal influenza infection with pronounced, clinical signs of the disease in experimental animals. Were described the destructive changes in lungs and. brain that increases during infection. Analysis of internal organs (lungs, brain, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen) were revealed viral load only in the lungs. Were evaluated, in vivo and in vitro efficacy of antiviral drugs (oseltamivir ethoxysuccinate and Tamiflu®) on the model of influenza infection. Were proved, the high, efficiency of the innovative drug — oseltamivir ethoxysuccinate.Conclusion: the antigen-relevant adapted, influenza B virus (B/Novosibirsk/40/2017-MA strain) can be used, to assess the drug effectiveness against influenza, as well as an additional tool for predicting the effectiveness of the vaccine against drifting strains