Morphology of the spleen and its ligamentous apparatus

Department of Anatomy, Nicolae Testemitsanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaBackground: Knowing structural aspects of spleen is of interest, especially in surgical interventions, both urgent and elective ones, particularly in modern times when surgical interventions wider take place with maximal preserving injured organs, including in isolated or concomitant abdominal trauma. Material and methods: Spleen capsule histoarchitectonics was studied by histotopograms with hematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson’s, Weigert’s resorcinol and fuchsine staining. The following parameters were studied depending on age and gender by morphometric method: spleen form, linear dimensions of spleen and its ligaments. Descriptive statistics allowed presenting results in tables. Results: In teenagers (age Group VII), the most frequent form of the spleen is the intermediate one, while in adults (Groups VIII1 and VIII2) and people of the senile age – the prolate form. Difference in spleen length is statistically significant in age Groups VII and VIII1 – 121.5±3.12 mm and 125.1±3.08 mm respectively in men; 94.7±2.09 mm and 85.8±2.11 mm – in women (p<0.001). Difference in the spleen width depending on gender is statistically significant for Group VII – 77.2±2.11 mm in men and 61.6±2.25 mm in women; in age Group VIII1 – 78.1±2.07 mm in men and 59.2±2.16 mm in women. For the examined age group the mean height of the gastrolienal ligament is 51.8±0.81 mm for men, and 45.9±1.00 mm for women. Conclusions: The capsule of spleen is formed by collagen fiber fascicles, elastic fibers as well as relatively few myocytes. The height of the gastrolienal ligament is bigger in men than in women. Spleen dimensions decrease with aging

Селезёночные сосуды: Аспекты структуры и топографии

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „NicolaeTestemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Conferinţa Știinţifică Internaţională ”Probleme actuale ale morfologiei” dedicată сentenarului profesorului B.Z. Perlin, Chişinău, 20-22 septembrie 2012Using the macroscopic method of dissection, it was established that the lienal artery passes along the superior margin of the pancreas in 54.4% of cases, and passes above the pancreas in 12.3% of cases. In 11.1% of cases the artery was located behind the posterior margin of the pancreas, and in 2.5% of cases it was located on the anterior surface the pancreatic body. In 19.7% of cases the artery was located within the parenchyma of the pancreas. The lienal artery was bifurcated in 90% of cases, and in 7.2% of cases it was branched into three branches. The magisterial variant of the lienal artery was established in 1.8% of cases. Only in 0.9% of cases was the artery ramified in 5 first order branches. Anastomoses between the extraorganic vessels was established in 4.5% of cases. The analysis of the panaortogrammas demonstrated that in 55.7% of cases the lienal artery gave off 2 branches. In majority of cases the tributaries of the lienal veins were two first order veins. Макроскопическим методом установлено, что селезеночная артерия в 54,4% случаев была расположена по верхнему краю поджелудочной железы, выше железы – в 12,3% случаев. Позади верхнего края поджелудочной железы сосуд находился в 11,1% случаев, а на передней поверхности тела – в 2,5% случаев. В паренхиме железы артерия находилась в 19,7% случаев. Селезёночная артерия разветвлялась на два сосуда в 90% случаев, на три сосуда в 7,2% случаев. Магистральная форма ветвления встречалась в 1,8% случаев. Только в 0,9% случаев артерия разветвлялась на 5 ветвей I порядка. Анастомозы внеорганных сосудов селезёнки были обнаружены в 4,5% случаев. Анализ панаортограмм показал, что чаще селезёночная артерия (55,7%) разветвлялась на 2 ветви. В большинстве случаев селезеночная вена образована двумя венами I порядка

The splenic artery in lienal hilum region

Department of Anatomy, Nicolae Testemitsanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaBackground: To know the structural and topographic aspects of the blood vessels of the spleen is an interest, particularly at present stage when surgical interventions are practiced more and more preserving mostly the injured organs because of the abdomen’s traumatisms. Splenography is often considered to be dangerous because of the risk of hemorrhage from the tissues of the sutured spleen. This danger can be reduced by improvement of surgical technique and by cognition of collateral ways of the blood circulation. Material and methods: The types of ramification of the splenic artery at the level of lienal hilum were determined on complex of organs by tiny macroscopic dissection and corrosion. The results have been analyzed statistically depending on the age and the sex of the patients. Results: In men, the ramification of the lienal artery in the hilum with a sharp angle (22.5 ± 3.96%) as well as with an obtuse angle (12.6 ± 3.15%), came about more often in age group VIII1 . In women the greatest frequency of the lienal artery ramification was found under an obtuse angle in the IX age group (20.0 ± 4.47%), but with a sharp angle the X age group (17.5 ± 4.25%). The results achieved in men and women of different age group were of a significant difference: p < 0.01 (for the ramification of the vessel under an obtuse angle) and p < 0.05 (for the ramification of the vessel under a sharp angle). Conclusions: Both structurally and topographically, the lienal artery is highlighted by a large range of variations in the region of the hilum

Linear parameters of spleen: a morphometric and echographic study

Catedra de anatomie a omului, Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie ,,Nicolae Testemițanu” Chișinău, Republica Moldova, Conferința Ştiinţifică Internaţională ”Probleme actuale ale morfologiei” dedicată celor 70 de ani de la fondarea Universității de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, 15-16 octombrie 2015Abstract Background: Knowing structural aspects of spleen is of interest, especially in surgical interventions, particularly in modern times when surgical interventions wider take place with maximal preserving injured organs, including in abdominal trauma. Material and methods: Linear dimensions of spleen, i. e. length and width, were studied by morphometric and echographic methods. Descriptive statistics allowed presenting results in tables. Results: Difference in spleen length depending on gender is statistically significant, the mean value is 119,2±1,26 mm in men, and 105,1±2,07 mm in women (p<0,001). As for spleen width, statistically significant difference depending on gender is in Group VII – 77,2±2,11 mm in men and 61,6±2,25 mm in women; in age Group VIII1 – 78,1±2,07 mm in men and 59,2±2,16 mm in women (p<0.001). Conclusions: Comparison of ultrasonic examination results and morphometric parameters reveals statistically significant difference p<0,001

Lienal plexus particularities

Catedra Anatomia Omului USMF ,,Nicolae Testemiţanu”Anatomical knowledge concerning variations of the splenic plexus in the aspects of its two main types: concentrated and diffuse, along with its topography inside the organ and its relationship with the neighboring visceral plexuses, etc. are of practical importance in performing splenectomy tactics and segmental removing of the organ. Cunoştinţele anatomice privind variabilitatea plexului lienal în contextul celor două tipuri ale lui: concentrat şi difuz, precum şi topografia intraorganica a acestuia, interrelaţiile cu plexurile viscerale alăturate etc. sunt de importanţa practică majoră în realizarea tacticilor de splenectomie şi înlăturarea segmentelor organului

Strong fragmentation of low-energy electromagnetic excitation strength in 117^{117}Sn

Results of nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments on $^{117}$Sn are reported. More than 50 $\gamma$ transitions with $E_{\gamma} < 4$ MeV were detected indicating a strong fragmentation of the electromagnetic excitation strength. For the first time microscopic calculations making use of a complete configuration space for low-lying states are performed in heavy odd-mass spherical nuclei. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the data. It is concluded that although the E1 transitions are the strongest ones also M1 and E2 decays contribute substantially to the observed spectra. In contrast to the neighboring even $^{116-124}$Sn, in $^{117}$Sn the $1^-$ component of the two-phonon $[2^+_1 \otimes 3^-_1]$ quintuplet built on top of the 1/2$^+$ ground state is proved to be strongly fragmented.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Search for the electric dipole excitations to the 3s1/2⊗[21+⊗31−]3s_{1/2} \otimes [2^{+}_{1} \otimes 3^{-}_{1}] multiplet in 117^{117}Sn

The odd-mass $^{117}$Sn nucleus was investigated in nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments up to an endpoint energy of the incident photon spectrum of 4.1 MeV at the bremsstrahlung facility of the Stuttgart University. More than 50 mainly hitherto unknown levels were found. From the measurement of the scattering cross sections model independent absolute electric dipole excitation strengths were extracted. The measured angular distributions suggested the spins of 11 excited levels. Quasi-particle phonon model calculations including a complete configuration space were performed for the first time for a heavy odd-mass spherical nucleus. These calculations give a clear insight in the fragmentation and distribution of the $E1$, $M1$, and $E2$ excitation strength in the low energy region. It is proven that the $1^{-}$ component of the two-phonon $[2^{+}_{1} \otimes 3^{-}_{1}]$ quintuplet built on top of the $1/2^{+}$ ground state is strongly fragmented. The theoretical calculations are consistent with the experimental data.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

On-treatment measurements of circulating tumor DNA during FOLFOX therapy in patients with colorectal cancer.

We addressed a significant unknown feature of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), i.e., how ctDNA levels change during chemotherapy, by serially monitoring ctDNA in patients with colorectal cancer during the 48-h application of FOLFOX. Surprisingly, we did not observe a spike in ctDNA as a sign of a responsive tumor, but instead ctDNA levels initially decreased and remained low in patients with stable disease or partial response. Our observations reveal further insights into cell destruction during chemotherapy with important implications for the management of patients

Cold atoms in space: community workshop summary and proposed road-map

We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning the status of cold atom technologies, the prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment in space, and the developments needed before cold atoms could be operated in space. The cold atom technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters and accelerometers, and atom interferometers. Prospective applications include metrology, geodesy and measurement of terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change, and fundamental science experiments such as tests of the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, measurements of gravitational waves and tests of quantum mechanics. We review the current status of cold atom technologies and outline the requirements for their space qualification, including the development paths and the corresponding technical milestones, and identifying possible pathfinder missions to pave the way for missions to exploit the full potential of cold atoms in space. Finally, we present a first draft of a possible road-map for achieving these goals, that we propose for discussion by the interested cold atom, Earth Observation, fundamental physics and other prospective scientific user communities, together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and national space and research funding agencies