North American apple-tree species: sources of useful agronomic traits for breeding

The results of studying the collection of North American apple-tree species are presented. Forms with a whole set of traits interesting for breeding are highlighted, including such features as late flowering schedule, disease resistance, long shelf life of fruits, etc. In addition, the small-fruited ornamental apple-tree (crab apple) accessions obtained from North American species are briefly described, and the most valuable of them are recommended for practical uses

Biodiversity of East Asian apple-tree species and their use in breeding

Maikop Experiment Station of VIR maintains and studies the richest genetic diversity of primitive East Asian apple-tree species, including the sections Docyniopsis C.C. Schneid. and Sorbomalus Zabel. In addition, the research covers species of the Gymnomeles Koehne section, more advanced in evolutionary development, which, in addition to Siberia and the Far East, are also spread in China, Mongolia and other regions of East Asia. The collection is studied according to VIR’s guidelines.The Docyniopsis section is represented by one of the oldest Malus spp. in the collection – M. sikkimensis (Wenz.) Koehne, inhabiting the Eastern Himalayas. Accession k-2412 is characterized by high yield, disease resistance, and late flowering. The collection contains 5 main species and 6 hybrid ones, belonging to various series of the Sorbomalus section. The Toringonae series (Rehd.) Lang. includes M. sieboldii (Regel) Rehd., spread in Japan, China, and Korea. Of the two accessions of this species, the most promising is k-43201, with a high annual yield, early start of fruiting, and high resistance to diseases. The same series also includes several hybrid species obtained with the participation of M. sieboldii. The most well-known of them is M. × floribunda Sieb. Great prospects for breeding are observed in M. × sargentii Rehd. Accession k-2428 is characterized by a short stem, early start of fruiting, high yield, ornamental traits and, according to long-term data, stable immunity to diseases. The collection harbors a broad diversity of species from the Gymnomeles section. Among them, there are species with a set of valuable traits, including disease resistance, high yield, etc. The most promising is M. hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. (k-14945): in addition to disease immunity, it demonstrates high annual yields, exceptional ornamental qualities, and late flowering, in contrast to other species of the Gymnomeles section

Niedzwetzky’s apple (Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck): evaluation and breeding prospects

Background. Niedzwetzky’s apple (Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck), native to Central Asia, has excellent prospects in the development of new cultivars with high anthocyanin content and hybrids that could be widely used in ornamental horticulture.Materials and methods. The collection maintained at Maikop Experiment Station of VIR currently contains 17 different forms of Niedzwetzky’s apple. Most of them were introduced in 1968 from the pomological garden in Talgar, Kazakhstan. Evaluation of their phenological patterns, yield, precocity of bearing, disease resistance, fruit quality, ornamentality, etc. was based on the guidelines developed at VIR.Results and conclusion. Characteristics and specific features for all accessions of Niedzwetzky’s apple are formatted into a table. As a result of testing, the following accessions were identified: k-2389, k-29429, k-29428, k-29430 and k-29422 for their high yield; k-29429 and k-29426 for a large fruit size; k-29429, k-29430 and k-29422 for fruiting precocity; k-29431, k-29423, k-29427 and k-2389 for a pleasant sour-sweet fruit flavor, and a number of forms with medium resistance to apple leaf and fruit scab. Of special interest are the accessions with red and dark red fruit flesh color (k-14948, k-2389 and k-13279): they are most impressive in their flowering and fruiting phases. Niedzwetzky’s apple accessions with red pigmentation are promising for the development of cultivars with higher anthocyanin content in fruit. Besides, M. niedzwetzkyana and its hybrids have good prospects as ornamental plants

THE COLLECTION OF <i> MALUS ORIENTALS </i> (UGLITZ.) JUZ. AS A SOURCE OF VALUABLE FORMS FOR BREEDING

Maikop Experiment Station of VIR holds a unique apple-tree collection of Malus orientalis (Uglitz.) Juz., currently containing 105 forms from various areas of the Caucasus. It has a great potential for supplying breeders with diverse sources of valuable traits, including high productivity, disease resistance, late flowering, and other qualities. In addition to the wild forms, of great interest are also the local Caucasian varieties sharing many biological and economic characteristics with M. orientalis. A brief description of selected accessions possessing a set of valuable traits for breeding is presented

Laws of formation of structure and properties in cold-deformed low-carbon structural steel under incomplete quenching

The effect of quenching from the intercritical temperature range on formation of martensite-ferrite structure in steel 10Kh3G3MFS deformed preliminarily by the method of cold radial forging is considered. The microstructure of the steel is studied using optical and scanning electron microscope

Scientific research and innovative activity of students and aspirents as a part of the educational system

In this article, the significance of the research work of students and graduate students during training at a medical university is substantiated.В данной статье обосновывается значимость научно-исследовательской работы студентов и аспирантов при обучении в медицинском университете

КАДРОВЫЙ ВОПРОС В СКОРОЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ

Questions of personnel deficiency in an emergency medical service in the Russian Federation are considered. Рассмотрены вопросы кадрового дефицита в скорой медицинской помощи в Российской Федерации.

A Search for Very Active Stars in the Galaxy

We report the first results of a systematic search near the plane of the Galaxy for the so called very active stars (VAS), which are characterized by a hard X-ray spectrum and activity in the radio domain. Candidates with hard X-ray binary-like spectra have been selected from the Bright ROSAT Source Catalogue in the Zone of Avoidance ($| b | < 20{^o}$) and were tentatively identified in GB6/PMM/NVSS radio surveys. Most of them were observed with the ATCA and VLA. Precise radio coordinates have led to unambiguous optical identification for 60 candidates, and a sub-sample of five of themhas been observed with the VLT. Also some discovery and confirmatory spectra were obtained with the AAT (4-m) and BTA (6-m). Spectroscopy with moderate dispersion, made with the FORS1 spectrograph of the VLT has revealed two stellar objects (one of them, VASC J1628-41, is definitivelya binary VAS), one new AGN and two featureless spectrum sources. One of these objects, VASC J1353-66, shows a marginal evidence of proper motion, which, if confirmed, would imply the discovery of a new type of galactic source.Comment: to appear in A&A, 7 figure

FEATURES OF STRUCTURE FORMATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL FE–0,1С–3MN–3CR–MO–SI AFTER QUENCHING FROM INTERCRITICAL TEMPERATURE RANGE

Получены данные по механическим свойствам стали 10Х3Г3МФС после закалки из МКИТ. Проведены дилатометрические исследования α→γ-превращения при нагреве и выдержке в МКИТ. Структурные исследования показали три стадии предпочтительного выделения зародышей аустенита: на первой стадии аустенит выделяется по границам бывших аустенитных зерен и мартенситных пакетов, на второй – по межреечным границам исходной α-фазы, на третей – аустенит образуется внутри рейки исходного мартенситного пакета.Dilatometric studies of α→γ transformation during heating and soaking in intercritical temperature range have been carried out. Structural studies showed three stages of the preferred isolation of austenite embryos: in the first stage, austenite is separated along the boundaries of the former austenite grains and martensitic packets, at second stage – along the interstitial boundaries of the initial α-phase, third – austenite is formed inside the rod of initial lath martensite

Analysis of consumer preferences in the choice of the hemostatic medicine preparation

This article made a study of consumer preferences when using drugs to stop bleeding. The results of the survey of consumer properties, which should have a new drug.В настоящей статье произведено исследование потребительских предпочтений при использовании лекарственных средств для остановки кровотечений. Приведены результаты анкетирования потребительских свойств, которыми должен обладать новый лекарственный препарат