3,047 research outputs found
Photons as quasi-charged particles
The Schrodinger motion of a charged quantum particle in an electromagnetic
potential can be simulated by the paraxial dynamics of photons propagating
through a spatially inhomogeneous medium. The inhomogeneity induces geometric
effects that generate an artificial vector potential to which signal photons
are coupled. This phenomenon can be implemented with slow light propagating
through an a gas of double-Lambda atoms in an electromagnetically-induced
transparency setting with spatially varied control fields. It can lead to a
reduced dispersion of signal photons and a topological phase shift of
Aharonov-Bohm type
Continuous loading of S calcium atoms into an optical dipole trap
We demonstrate an efficient scheme for continuous trap loading based upon
spatially selective optical pumping. We discuss the case of S
calcium atoms in an optical dipole trap (ODT), however, similar strategies
should be applicable to a wide range of atomic species. Our starting point is a
reservoir of moderately cold (K) metastable
P-atoms prepared by means of a magneto-optic trap (triplet-MOT). A
focused 532 nm laser beam produces a strongly elongated optical potential for
S-atoms with up to 350 K well depth. A weak focused laser beam
at 430 nm, carefully superimposed upon the ODT beam, selectively pumps the
P-atoms inside the capture volume to the singlet state, where they
are confined by the ODT. The triplet-MOT perpetually refills the capture volume
with P-atoms thus providing a continuous stream of cold atoms into
the ODT at a rate of s. Limited by evaporation loss, in 200 ms we
typically load atoms with an initial radial temperature of 85
K. After terminating the loading we observe evaporation during 50 ms
leaving us with atoms at radial temperatures close to 40 K and a
peak phase space density of . We point out that a
comparable scheme could be employed to load a dipole trap with
P-atoms.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Raman Adiabatic Transfer of Optical States
We analyze electromagnetically induced transparency and light storage in an
ensemble of atoms with multiple excited levels (multi-Lambda configuration)
which are coupled to one of the ground states by quantized signal fields and to
the other one via classical control fields. We present a basis transformation
of atomic and optical states which reduces the analysis of the system to that
of EIT in a regular 3-level configuration. We demonstrate the existence of dark
state polaritons and propose a protocol to transfer quantum information from
one optical mode to another by an adiabatic control of the control fields
Energy transfer in porphyrin-functionalized graphene
We present a theoretical study on the molecule–substrate interaction within the porphyrin-functionalized graphene. Recent experiments on porphyrin-functionalized carbon nanotubes have revealed an extremely efficient energy transfer from the adsorbed molecules to the carbon substrate. To investigate the energy transfer mechanism, we have characterized the hybrid structure within the density functional theory including the calculation of the molecular transition dipole moment, which allows us to determine the Förster coupling rate. We find a strongly pronounced Förster-induced energy transfer in the range of fs−1 inline image confirming the experimental observations
Many-body Green's function theory for electron-phonon interactions: the Kadanoff-Baym approach to spectral properties of the Holstein dimer
We present a Kadanoff-Baym formalism to study time-dependent phenomena for
systems of interacting electrons and phonons in the framework of many-body
perturbation theory. The formalism takes correctly into account effects of the
initial preparation of an equilibrium state, and allows for an explicit
time-dependence of both the electronic and phononic degrees of freedom. The
method is applied to investigate the charge neutral and non-neutral excitation
spectra of a homogeneous, two-site, two-electron Holstein model. This is an
extension of a previous study of the ground state properties in the Hartree
(H), partially self-consistent Born (Gd) and fully self-consistent Born (GD)
approximations published in Ref. [arXiv:1403.2968]. We show that choosing a
homogeneous ground state solution leads to unstable dynamics for a sufficiently
strong interaction, and that allowing a symmetry-broken state prevents this.
The instability is caused by the bifurcation of the ground state and understood
physically to be connected with the bipolaronic crossover of the exact system.
This mean-field instability persists in the partially self-consistent Born
approximation but is not found for the fully self-consistent Born
approximation. By understanding the stability properties, we are able to study
the linear response regime by calculating the density-density response function
by time-propagation. This functions amounts to a solution of the Bethe-Salpeter
equation with a sophisticated kernel. The results indicate that none of the
approximations is able to describe the response function during or beyond the
bipolaronic crossover for the parameters investigated. Overall, we provide an
extensive discussion on when the approximations are valid, and how they fail to
describe the studied exact properties of the chosen model system.Comment: 12 figure
Quality of life of elderly persons with newly diagnosed cancer.
The aim was to investigate quality of life (QoL) in elderly persons newly diagnosed with cancer (65+ years) in relation to age, contact with the health-care system, ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL), hope, social network and support, and to identify which factors were associated with low QoL. The sample consisted of 101 patients (75 women and 26 men) newly diagnosed with cancer. EORTC QLQ-C30, Nowotny's Hope Scale, Katz ADL and the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI) were used. The analysis was carried out in four age groups and revealed no significant differences in QoL. Compared with the other age groups, those of a high age (80+ years) more often lived alone, used more home-help service and had a smaller social network. Factors associated with low QoL were 'no other incomes than retirement pension', 'low level of hope' and 'lung cancer'. In addition, 'being told that the cancer disease has not come to an end', 'needing more help in activities of daily living', 'getting help from grown-up children' and 'needing help with PADL' were associated with low QoL. Those at risk of inferior QoL, that is, having poor economy, low level of hope and lung cancer need special attendance and specific interventions to improve QoL
Practical and effective higher-order optimizations
Inlining is an optimization that replaces a call to a function with that function’s body. This optimization not only reduces the overhead of a function call, but can expose additional optimization oppor-tunities to the compiler, such as removing redundant operations or unused conditional branches. Another optimization, copy propaga-tion, replaces a redundant copy of a still-live variable with the origi-nal. Copy propagation can reduce the total number of live variables, reducing register pressure and memory usage, and possibly elimi-nating redundant memory-to-memory copies. In practice, both of these optimizations are implemented in nearly every modern com-piler. These two optimizations are practical to implement and effec-tive in first-order languages, but in languages with lexically-scoped first-class functions (aka, closures), these optimizations are no
Multimode electromagnetically-induced transparency on a single atomic line
We experimentally investigate electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT)
created on an inhomogeneously broadened 5S_1/2-5P_1/2 transition in rubidium
vapor using a control field of a complex temporal shape. A comb-shaped
transparency spectrum enhances the delay-bandwidth product and the light
storage capacity for a matched probe pulse by a factor of about 50 compared to
a single EIT line [D. D. Yavuz, Phys. Rev. A 75, 031801 (2007)]. If the
temporal mode of the control field is slowly changed while the probe is
propagating through the EIT medium, the probe will adiabatically follow,
providing a means to perform frequency conversion and optical routing
Reprint of: CAA Broadband Noise Prediction for Aeroacoustic Design
AbstractThe current status of a hybrid RANS/CAA approach for the simulation of broadband sound generation is presented. The method rests on the use of steady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation to prescribe the time-averaged motion of turbulent flow. By means of synthetic turbulence the steady one-point statistics (e.g. turbulent kinetic energy) and turbulent length- and time-scales of RANS are translated into fluctuations of turbulent velocity (or vorticity), whose statistics very accurately reproduce the spatial target distributions of RANS. The synthetic fluctuations are used to prescribe sound sources which drive linear acoustic perturbation equations. The whole approach represents a methodology to solve statistical noise theories with state-of-the-art Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) tools in the time-domain. A brief overview of the synthetic turbulence model and its numerical discretization in terms of the Random Particle-Mesh (RPM) and Fast Random Particle-Mesh (FRPM) method is given. Results are presented for trailing edge, slat, jet, and combustion noise. Some problems related to the formulation of vortex sound sources are discussed
Korkeakouluopiskelijan istuva arki:korkeakouluopiskelijoiden käsityksiä opiskelupäivän aktivoimisen tärkeydestä
Tiivistelmä. Tässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa kuvataan korkeakouluopiskelijoiden käsityksiä opiskelupäivän aktivoimisen tärkeydestä. Korkeakouluopiskelijoiden opiskelupäivä on istumispainotteinen ja istumisen määrää tulisi vähentää. Tutkielman tarkoitus oli selvittää, miksi opiskelupäivän aktivoiminen on tärkeää korkeakouluopiskelijan mielestä. Tavoitteena on ymmärtää, mitkä tekijät motivoivat korkeakouluopiskelijaa istumisen vähentämisessä.
Fenomenografisen tutkimukseni muodosti kaksi haastatteluaineistoa. Tutkimusaineistot kerättiin syksyllä 2016 Oulun yliopiston käytävillä, sattumanvaraisesti valituilta opiskelijoilta. 21 haastattelijana toiminutta luokanopettajaopiskelijaa haastatteli kukin viittä opiskelijaa, jolloin kokonaisaineiston määräksi muodostui 105 opiskelijan haastattelut. Aineistot analysoitiin fenomenografiselle tutkimukselle tyypillisellä aineistoanalyysillä.
Tutkimustulosteni mukaan korkeakouluopiskelijat pitivät fyysisen aktiivisuuden lisäämisen opiskelupäivään olevan tärkeää oppimisen ja terveyden edistämisen sekä liikunnan määrän lisääntymisen kannalta. Oppimisen edistämisen kannalta opiskelupäivään lisätty aktiivisuus vaikuttaa korkeakouluopiskelijoiden mielestä keskittymisen paranemiseen, vireystason ylläpitoon, opiskelumotivaatioon sekä yleiseen jaksamiseen. Terveyden edistämisen kannalta lisätty aktiivisuus vaikuttaa korkeakouluopiskelijoiden mielestä yleisesti terveyteen ja hyvinvointiin, selkä-, niska- ja hartiavaivoihin sekä istumisesta johtuviin haittoihin. Lisäksi korkeakouluopiskelijat ajattelevat, että aktiivisuuden lisääminen vaikuttaa liikunnan määrän lisääntymiseen, kehon aktivoitumiseen, vähentyneeseen tarpeeseen liikkua vapaa-ajalla mutta myös innostuneisuuteen liikkua vapaa-ajalla.
Tutkimus osoitti, että terveyden edistäminen ei ole ainoa motiivi vähentää istumista, vaan moni opiskelija kokee istumisen vähentämisen vaikuttavan heidän oppimisen edistämiseen
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