Comparative research of effectiveness of cellulose and fiberglass porous membrane carriers for bio sampling in veterinary and food industry monitoring

The aim of proposed research is to study the applicability of fiberglass porous membrane materials in a new strip format for dried blood storage in food industry monitoring. A comparative analysis of cellulosic and fiberglass porous membrane materials was carried out to obtain dried samples of serum or blood and the possibility of further species-specific analysi

One-hour postload plasma glucose levels as a new criterion for assessing insulin secretion in obese children

BACKGROUND: Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and associated dysglycemic conditions, increasing the risk of diabetes development, continues to rise worldwide, most notably due to ever-growing obesity rate. Early identification of the persons who are exposed to the risk of T2DM development holds much significance for prevention of both this disease and associated cardiometabolic complications.AIM: To study characteristics of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity among obese children and adolescents versus the glycemic level 60 minutes (GL60) after the standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).METHODS: This open-label comparative cross-sectional study involved 613 children in the age between 6 and 17.9 years old with constitutive-exogenous obesity, divided into 2 groups: 173 patients with GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L and 440 children with GL60 level < 8.6 mmol/L. They underwent a screening for dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, arterial hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin secretion was evaluated on the basis of maximal (IRI max), average level (IRI avg) of insulin in the course of OGTT and insulinogenic index (IGI), insulin resistance (IG) — by Matsuda index.RESULTS: The groups were comparable in the terms of age, sex, sexual maturation stage and obesity level. Children with GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L were characterized by higher IR (Matsuda 2.8 ± 2.3 vs 3.5 ± 2.2, р < 0.01), hyperinsulinemia (IRI max 190.0 ± 59.5 vs 157.1 ± 63.4 μU/ml, р < 0.001, IRI avg 115.3 ± 59.7 vs 90.2 ± 54.1 μU/ml, p < 0.001) along with low IGI value (1.84 ± 1.62 vs 2.61 ± 1.3, р < 0.01), which is indicative of the first phase insulin secretion impairment. The lowest IGI values were found among the "GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L" group patients with IGT (1.4 ± 0.9). Besides, the patients with GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L are characterized by the higher rate of metabolic complications in the form of impaired glucose tolerance, arterial hypertension, fatty hepatosis and steatohepatitis.CONCLUSIONS: GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L can be used as an additional marker for metabolically complicated obesity among children and adolescents with a high risk of the carbohydrate metabolism disorder development

Патоморфологические и молекулярно-генетические особенности диффузного типа рака желудка

 Gastric cancer (GC) is the 5th most common type of cancer in the world and the third leading cause of death from cancer. GC is a multi-factorial and morphologically heterogeneous disease. Currently, several morphological classifications of GC are used, however, for diagnosis, it is necessary to take into  account not only the morphological type of the tumor, but also its molecular subtype. According to the literature, the intestinal type of GC is most often associated with effects of environmental factors and is usually found in older  age groups in men, while diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is a genetically determined disease which is more common in younger patients, with the same frequency among men and women.This review covers in detail GC, its classification by P.A. Lauren (1965), and its molecular subtypes characterized during the Cancer Genome Atlas project and examines the impact of certain risk factors on the pathogenesis of the disease, such as: H. pylori infection or Epstein – Barr virus. A separate section in this analytical work is dedicated to expression of the PD-L1 marker by tumor cells and the use of this parameter for prognosis and therapy of this disease. An essential part of the work is discussion of the features of intestinal and diffuse types of gastric cancer, which reflect not only the differences in classifications used in modern diagnosis, but also the relationship between the pathological pattern and the molecular subtype of gastric cancer.  Рак желудка (РЖ) занимает пятое место в мире по распространенности среди всех злокачественных новообразований и является третьей по значимости причиной смертности от онкологических заболеваний. РЖ является мультифакториальным, морфологически  неоднородным заболеванием. В настоящее время используется несколько морфологических классификаций  РЖ, однако для постановки диагноза требуется учитывать не только морфологический тип опухоли, но и ее  молекулярный подтип. По данным литературы, РЖ  интестинального типа чаще всего ассоциирован с  действием факторов окружающей среды и, как правило, встречается в старших возрастных группах у мужчин.  Диффузный тип рака желудка (ДТРЖ) является в большей степени генетически детерминированным заболеванием и чаще встречается у более молодых пациентов, при этом с одинаковой частотой среди мужчин и женщин.В данном обзоре подробно освещается тема РЖ, его  классификация по P.A. Lauren (1965), его молекулярным  подтипы, охарактеризованные в Атласе ракового генома  (The Cancer Genome Atlas), а также рассматривается влияние  определенных факторов риска на патогенез  заболевания, таких как инфицирование H. pylori или вирусом Эпштейна – Барр. Отдельную роль в данной  аналитической работе занимает вопрос экспрессии опухолевыми клетками маркера PD-L1 и использование  данного параметра для прогнозирования и терапии этого  заболевания. Немаловажной частью работы является  обсуждение особенностей интестинального и диффузного  типов рака желудка, которые отражают не только различия  используемых в современной диагностике классификаций,  но и взаимосвязь патоморфологической картины с  молекулярным подтипом рака желудка.

Comparative research of effectiveness of cellulose and fiberglass porous membrane carriers for bio sampling in veterinary and food industry monitoring

The aim of proposed research is to study the applicability of fiberglass porous membrane materials in a new strip format for dried blood storage in food industry monitoring. A comparative analysis of cellulosic and fiberglass porous membrane materials was carried out to obtain dried samples of serum or blood and the possibility of further species-specific analysi

The preliminary diffusion tensor imaging study of cerebral microstructure in the acute phase of brain concussion

Purpose of the study. Concussion does not cause any lesions available for visualization using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, it can cause changes at the microstructural level, which can be detected by the diffusion-tensor imaging. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of acute concussion on diffusion parameters in the corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, and thalamus in children.Patients and methods. Fractional anisotropy and the apparent diffusion coefficient were determined in 11 patients with a diagnosis of concussion (41 ± 19 hours from the moment of injury) and in 11 healthy subjects. Philips Achieva dStream 3T magnetic resonance imager was used. Diffusion tensor imaging data were processed in the Philips Intellispace Portal program in the Fibertrack section.Results. Fractional diffusion anisotropy significantly increases and the apparent diffusion coefficient decreases in the thalamus of patients with concussion. In corpus callosum there is a growth trend in fractional anisotropy.Conclusion. The detected changes indicate the initial stage of cell edema in the thalamus caused by concussion. Diffusion-tensor imaging is the only magnetic resonance imaging method which may be sensitive to this pathology