Synaptotagmin oligomerization is essential for calcium control of regulated exocytosis

Regulated exocytosis, which underlies many intercellular signaling events, is a tightly controlled process often triggered by calcium ion(s) (Ca2+). Despite considerable insight into the central components involved, namely, the core fusion machinery [soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)] and the principal Ca2+ sensor [C2-domain proteins like synaptotagmin (Syt)], the molecular mechanism of Ca2+-dependent release has been unclear. Here, we report that the Ca2+-sensitive oligomers of Syt1, a conserved structural feature among several C2-domain proteins, play a critical role in orchestrating Ca2+-coupled vesicular release. This follows from pHluorin-based imaging of single-vesicle exocytosis in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells showing that selective disruption of Syt1 oligomerization using a structure-directed mutation (F349A) dramatically increases the normally low levels of constitutive exocytosis to effectively occlude Ca2+-stimulated release. We propose a parsimonious model whereby Ca2+-sensitive oligomers of Syt (or a similar C2-domain protein) assembled at the site of docking physically block spontaneous fusion until disrupted by Ca2+ Our data further suggest Ca2+-coupled vesicular release is triggered by removal of the inhibition, rather than by direct activation of the fusion machinery

Workout of the programme of innovational development of regional economic systems

В статье разработана программа инновационного развития региональных экономических систем, включающая цели и задачи, этапы и конкретные мероприятия, а также ожидаемые результаты и источники финансирования на основе согласования макроинтересов регионов и микроинтересов хозяйствующих субъектов, новизна которой состоит в определении комплекса мероприятий, посредством которых администрация стимулирует развитие экономики региона.The article presents a programme of innovational development of regional economic systems including aims and tasks, stages and certain events as well as expected results and sources of financing on the basis of correlation of macro-interests of the regions and micro-interests of economic subjects. The novelty of the given programme comes down to the definition of a complex of measures by which the authorities may stimulate the development of the economic system of the region

REGIONALIZATION OF MANAGEMENT PROCESS BY INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY

Summary. In current market conditions, the economy and Russia's accession to international trade scholars and experts from various fields of knowledge paying special attention to a huge set of regional problems. The growing role of regional research determines the level of establishing effective mechanisms for the implementation of the economic interests of actors as well as economic development and improving the quality of human life is the priority objectives of federal, regional and local authorities. Today, the Russian economic science faces a global goal - to develop ways and means of transformation of the Russian economy and bring it to a path of sustainable, innovative development, providing new quality of life. Achieving this goal must surely be a central task of the Russian economics and politics, as in the near future and the long term In article authors opened the maintenance of determinants of innovative development of the territory, mediated by strengthening of regionalization of management by innovative activity: condition of resource and innovative potential; the developed forms and nature of interaction between public authorities of regional level, local community and business; applied forms of integration of subjects of managing for realization of their innovative potential due to expansion of opportunities of participation in the perspective directions of scientific and technical, economic and social development; system of the incentives developing favorable conditions for introduction and development of innovative technologies, and also increases in the enterprise activity, formed by the external institutional environment; regional economic policy as instrument of increase of efficiency of innovative activity

Обзор технологии OSTIS в контексте разработки нечетких систем

This article provides an overview of OSTIS technology. The prospects of using OSTIS technology in the field of data analysis and the development of fuzzy systems are considered. An approach to modeling time series based on type 2 fuzzy sets is described. An approach to constructing a fuzzy knowledge base is presented

Structure of Benthic Microbial Communities in the Northeastern Part of the Barents Sea

The Barents Sea shelf is one of the most economically promising regions in the Arctic in terms of its resources and geographic location. However, benthic microbial communities of the northeastern Barents Sea are still barely studied. Here, we present a detailed systematic description of the structures of microbial communities located in the sediments and bottom water of the northeastern Barents Sea based on 16S rRNA profiling and a qPCR assessment of the total prokaryotic abundance in 177 samples. Beta- and alpha-diversity analyses revealed a clear difference between the microbial communities of diverse sediment layers and bottom-water fractions. We identified 101 microbial taxa whose representatives had statistically reliable distribution patterns between these ecotopes. Analysis of the correlation between microbial community structure and geological data yielded a number of important results—correlations were found between the abundance of individual microbial taxa and bottom relief, thickness of marine sediments, presence of hydrotrolite interlayers, and the values of pH and Eh. We also demonstrated that a relatively high abundance of prokaryotes in sediments can be caused by the proliferation of Deltaproteobacteria representatives, in particular, sulfate and iron reducers