Vibration And Acoustics In Porous Insulating Materials - The Help Of Fe Numerical Simulations For The Analysis Of Experiments In Rooms And Tubes

To illustrate our purpose we first recall the results of a 4 years study, carried out at the ISMEP, of trimmed fuselage panels of aircraft and multilayered insulating systems. We underline the complementarities of real tests in transmissibility rooms with a set of FE and analytical methods we have developed. Two major difficulties exist i) high performance panel tests rapidly reach the limit of the experimental device, ii) short wave length in poroelastic material do not allow us direct 3D finite element calculations in all the frequency band [0 ; 6,000 Hz] of interest. Therefore, 3D models are completed with 2D models and an analytical method. We show that all this numerical tools are needed to understand the tests and to investigate some particular points as the mounting of the panel in the acoustic room. An other problematic question with poro-elastic materials is that the characterization of the material itself, which is of prior importance for inputting data in numerical models, is highly difficult to carry out. This second point motivates present research at UNICAMP based on the use of FE numerical calculations to determine the absorption and the transmissibility of porous samples in tubes. The construction of modified tubes are also envisaged for a better control of the boundary conditions during tests while the FE model will allow us to recover some fundamental characteristics by inverse calculation. We learned from our first simulations that high precisions calculations are needed to substitute the real device with a numerical one. We list at the end of the paper, new research involving virtual and real tests: curved panels, active control, noise inside a simplified aircraft cabin. From sub-structures to samples of materials, FE calculation proves itself of most practical benefits to exploit tests involving porous materials.429032912Tanneau, O., (2004) Modélisation de Panneaux d'Isolation Aéronautique - Couplages Poro-élastiques, Élastodynamiques et Acoustiques Par Méthodes Analytiques, FEM et BEM, , PhD thesis, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VILamary, P., Aircraft friendly cabin environment -Enhancement acoustic and vibro-acoustic numerical methods for trimmed fuselage models Proceedings of the XI DINAME, 28th February-4th March, 2005 - Ouro Preto, Brazil, 2005Lamary, P., Casimir, J.-B., Tanneau, O., Pompéi, M., Noise control inside aircraft - Virtual transmissibility tests using CAVOK FE solver Proceedings EuroNoise, Naples 2003Dauchez, N., (1999) Etude Vibro-acoutic des Matériaux Poreux Par Élé ments Finis, , PhD thesis, University of Le Mans, University of SherbrookeSong, B.H., Bolton, J.S., Investigation of the vibration modes of edge-constrained fibrous samples placed in a standing wave tube (2003) JASA, (113), p. 1833Valetim Donadon, L., Lamary, P., Camino, J., De França Arruda, J.R., Application of Active Sound Intensity Control of Sound Transmitted through Panels 12th ICSV Congress, Lisbon 2005Lamary, P., (2005) Final Report of Activity, FAPESP Processo 2003/09812

Identifying baseline immune-related biomarkers to predict clinical outcome of immunotherapy

Abstract As cancer strikes, individuals vary not only in terms of factors that contribute to its occurrence and development, but as importantly, in their capacity to respond to treatment. While exciting new therapeutic options that mobilize the immune system against cancer have led to breakthroughs for a variety of malignancies, success is limited to a subset of patients. Pre-existing immunological features of both the host and the tumor may contribute to how patients will eventually fare with immunotherapy. A broad understanding of baseline immunity, both in the periphery and in the tumor microenvironment, is needed in order to fully realize the potential of cancer immunotherapy. Such interrogation of the tumor, blood, and host immune parameters prior to treatment is expected to identify biomarkers predictive of clinical outcome as well as to elucidate why some patients fail to respond to immunotherapy. To approach these opportunities for progress, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) reconvened the Immune Biomarkers Task Force. Comprised of an international multidisciplinary panel of experts, Working Group 4 sought to make recommendations that focus on the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, with its diversity of immune genes, proteins, cells, and pathways naturally present at baseline and in circulation, and novel tools to aid in such broad analyses