195 research outputs found
Analysis of Factors Affecting Selection and Design of Air-cooled Single-stage Turbines for Turbojet Engines IV : Coolant-flow Requirements and Performance of Engines Using Air-cooled Corrugated-insert Blades
Gas-to-blade heat-transfer coefficients and turbine heat-rejection rates for a range of one-spool cooled-turbine engine designs
Gas-turbine-engine performance when heat from liquid-cooled turbines is rejected ahead of, within, or behind main compressor
Analytical Procedures for Rapid Selection of Coolant Passage Configurations for Air-cooled Turbine Rotor Blades and for Evaluation of Heat-transfer, Strength, and Pressure-loss Characteristics
Analysis of Cooling-air Requirements of Corrugated-insert-type Turbine Blades Suitable for a Supersonic Turbojet Engine
Analytical comparison of convection-cooled turbine blade cooling-air requirements for several radial gas-temperature profiles
Experimental Investigation of Air-cooled Turbine Rotor Blade Temperatures in a Turbojet Engine Operating at Turbine-inlet Temperatures up to 2580 Degrees R and Altitudes of 50,000 and 60,000 Feet
Method for Rapid Determination of Pressure Change for One-Dimensional Flow with Heat Transfer, Friction, Rotation, and Area Change
Method of Designing Corrugated Surfaces Having Maximum Cooling Effectiveness Within Pressure-drop Limitations for Application to Cooled Turbine Blades
Pyruvate Carboxylase Is Critical for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Proliferation
Anabolic biosynthesis requires precursors supplied by the Krebs cycle, which in turn requires anaplerosis to replenish precursor intermediates. The major anaplerotic sources are pyruvate and glutamine, which require the activity of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and glutaminase 1 (GLS1), respectively. Due to their rapid proliferation, cancer cells have increased anabolic and energy demands; however, different cancer cell types exhibit differential requirements for PC- and GLS-mediated pathways for anaplerosis and cell proliferation. Here, we infused patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with uniformly 13C-labeled glucose before tissue resection and determined that the cancerous tissues in these patients had enhanced PC activity. Freshly resected paired lung tissue slices cultured in 13C6-glucose or 13C5,15N2-glutamine tracers confirmed selective activation of PC over GLS in NSCLC. Compared with noncancerous tissues, PC expression was greatly enhanced in cancerous tissues, whereas GLS1 expression showed no trend. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of paired lung tissues showed PC overexpression in cancer cells rather than in stromal cells of tumor tissues. PC knockdown induced multinucleation, decreased cell proliferation and colony formation in human NSCLC cells, and reduced tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Growth inhibition was accompanied by perturbed Krebs cycle activity, inhibition of lipid and nucleotide biosynthesis, and altered glutathione homeostasis. These findings indicate that PC-mediated anaplerosis in early-stage NSCLC is required for tumor survival and proliferation
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