4,585 research outputs found
JIHAD for WHOM? the Radicalization of Religion as a Response to Political Oppression: From Turkish to Indonesian Islam
The confrontation with Western colonialism has become part of the Islamic history since the nineteenth century. This paper is an attempt to investigate the radicalization of religion in several parts of the Islamic world. It focuses, however, on the review of the history of the caliphate and its adjunct notions like “pan-Islamism” or rule over all Muslims, and jihād to fight for it. Having assessed the attempts made by Muslim in several parts of the Islamic world in dealing with Western colonialism, the paper then reflects the manifestation of Islamic politics in Indonesia. The paper argues that the majority of Muslims whenever they have a chance to voice their aspirations, do not support a radicalization or even militarization of their religion. Muslims in Indonesia, in particular, had this chance to opt for their political or societal aspirations in several general elections, and the large majority of them voted for politicians and parties who pursue an inclusive policy, reflecting the plural composition of their society
Bounds on Lorentz and CPT Violation from the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity
Electromagnetic resonant cavities form the basis of many tests of Lorentz
invariance involving photons. The effects of some forms of Lorentz violation
scale with cavity size. We investigate possible signals of violations in the
naturally occurring resonances formed in the Earth-ionosphere cavity.
Comparison with observed resonances places the first terrestrial constraints on
coefficients associated with dimension-three Lorentz-violating operators at the
level of 10^{-20} GeV.Comment: 8 pages REVTe
Falling Prices: Does This Cause Purchases to Be Delayed or Speed Up? Evidence From the Gasoline Market
When teaching macroeconomics, students intuitively know why macroeconomists stress the dangers of inflation, but question why economists will say deflation is worse. To explain macroeconomists will almost always point to Japan’s “Lost decade”, a spiral of declining economic activity intertwined with declining prices. Their claim is that the deflation was a principle driver for the deepening recession as declining prices could cause consumers not to purchase more (as the law of demand would normally expect) but rather less in anticipation of even lower prices to come. This paper looked at the empirical evidence from the energy sector, specifically gasoline sales during the 2013-2015 time period and verified that there is evidence that some US consumers did indeed delay purchases even if they ultimately bought more
Ultrafast spin polarization control of Dirac fermions in topological insulators
Three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) are characterized by
spin-polarized Dirac-cone surface states that are protected from backscattering
by time-reversal symmetry. Control of the spin polarization of topological
surface states (TSSs) using femtosecond light pulses opens novel perspectives
for the generation and manipulation of dissipationless surface spin currents on
ultrafast timescales. Using time-, spin-, and angle-resolved spectroscopy, we
directly monitor for the first time the ultrafast response of the spin
polarization of photoexcited TSSs to circularly-polarized femtosecond pulses of
infrared light. We achieve all-optical switching of the transient out-of-plane
spin polarization, which relaxes in about 1.2 ps. Our observations establish
the feasibility of ultrafast optical control of spin-polarized Dirac fermions
in TIs and pave the way for novel optospintronic applications at ultimate
speeds.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Evidence for charge orbital and spin stripe order in an overdoped manganite
We present diffraction data on a single-layered manganite
La(0.42)Sr(1.58)MnO4 with hole doping (x>0.5). Overdoped La(0.42)Sr(1.58)MnO4
exhibits a complex ordering of charges, orbitals and spins. Single crystal
neutron diffraction experiments reveal three incommensurate and one
commensurate order parameters to be tightly coupled. The position and the shape
of the distinct superstructure scattering points to a stripe arrangement in
which ferromagnetic zigzag chains are disrupted by additional Mn4+ stripes
Full spin switch effect for the superconducting current in a superconductor/ferromagnet thin film heterostructure
Superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) proximity effect theory predicts that the
superconducting critical temperature of the F1/F2/S or F1/S/F2 trilayers for
the parallel orientation of the F1 and F2 magnetizations is smaller than for
the antiparallel one. This suggests a possibility of a controlled switching
between the superconducting and normal states in the S layer. Here, using the
spin switch design F1/F2/S theoretically proposed by Oh et al. [Appl. Phys.
Lett. 71, 2376 (1997)], that comprises a ferromagnetic bilayer separated by a
non-magnetic metallic spacer layer as a ferromagnetic component, and an
ordinary superconductor as the second interface component, we have successfully
realized a full spin switch effect for the superconducting current.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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