Understanding Corn Variability

Corn is the most common feed ingredient used in poultry nutrition. Maize contributes with up to 65% of the metabolizable energy and 20% of crude protein in poultry diets (Gehring et al., 2013; Dei, 2017). Its average nutritional value is well-known, but it is accepted that the variability in its composition and energy value is a very common issue with great impact on poultry performance and health (Cowieson, 2005; Gehring et al., 2013; Latham et al., 2016; Montanhini-Neto et al., 2017). Corn variability affects growth, feed conversion, flock uniformity, digestibility, AMEn, digesta viscosity, gut microbiota composition, intestinal health, and efficacy of exogenous enzymes (Latham et al., 2016; Williams et al., 2017; Cordova-Noboa et al., 2020, 2021 a, b; Franciele et al., 2021, Giacobbo et al., 2021; Melo-Duran et al., 2020, 2021a, b). This presentation will address recent advances in understanding the effects of corn variability

Understanding Corn Variability

Corn is the most common feed ingredient used in poultry nutrition. Maize contributes with up to 65% of the metabolizable energy and 20% of crude protein in poultry diets (Gehring et al., 2013; Dei, 2017). Its average nutritional value is well-known, but it is accepted that the variability in its composition and energy value is a very common issue with great impact on poultry performance and health (Cowieson, 2005; Gehring et al., 2013; Latham et al., 2016; Montanhini-Neto et al., 2017). Corn variability affects growth, feed conversion, flock uniformity, digestibility, AMEn, digesta viscosity, gut microbiota composition, intestinal health, and efficacy of exogenous enzymes (Latham et al., 2016; Williams et al., 2017; Cordova-Noboa et al., 2020, 2021 a, b; Franciele et al., 2021, Giacobbo et al., 2021; Melo-Duran et al., 2020, 2021a, b). This presentation will address recent advances in understanding the effects of corn variability

Clinical factors associated with high glycemic variability defined by coefficient of variation in patients with type 2 diabetes

Antecedentes: La Variabilidad Glucémica Alta (VHG) ha convertirse en un predictor más fuerte de hipoglucemia. Sin embargo, aún se desconocen los factores clínicos asociados con el VHG. Objetivo:Determinar las variables clínicas que se asociaron con un coeficiente de variación (CV) superior al 36% evaluado mediante monitorización continua de glucosa (MCG) en un grupo de pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Se evaluó una cohorte de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (T2D). Se evaluaron variables demográficas, HbA1c, tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) y régimen de tratamiento. Se realizó un análisis bivariado, para evaluar la asociación entre la variable resultado (CV > 36%) y cada una de las variables independientes. Se construyó un modelo multivariado para evaluar las asociaciones después de controlar las variables de confusión. Resultados:Se analizaron los datos de MCG de 274 pacientes. CV> 36% estuvo presente en 56 pacientes (20,4%). En el análisis bivariado se incluyeron variables demográficas y clínicas, como tiempo desde el diagnóstico, antecedente de hipoglucemia, A1c, FG y tratamiento instaurado. En el análisis multivariante, FG 9% (OR 2,81; IC 1,05,7,51; p:0,04) y antecedentes de hipoglucemia (OR 2,09; IC 1,02, 4,32; p: 0,04) se asociaron con VHG. El tratamiento con iDPP4 (OR 0,39; IC 0,19, 0,82; p: 0,01) y AGLP1 (OR 0,08; IC 0,01, 0,68; p: 0,02) se asoció inversamente con la VG. Conclusión:Variables clínicas como FG 9% y antecedentes de hipoglucemia se asocian a un VG alto. Nuestros datos sugieren que el uso de tecnología y tratamientos capaces de reducir la variabilidad glucémica podría ser útil en esta población para reducir el riesgo de hipoglucemia y mejorar el control glucémico.Q3Background: High glycemic Variability (HGV) has become a stronger predictor of hypoglycemia. However, clinical factors associate with HGV still are unknown. Objective: To determine clinical variables that were associated with a coefficient of variation (CV) above 36% evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a group of patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) was evaluated. Demographic variables, HbA1c, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and treatment regimen were assessed. A bivariate analysis was performed, to evaluate the association between the outcome variable (CV> 36%) and each of the independent variables. A multivariate model was constructed to evaluate associations after controlling for confounding variables. Results: CGM data from 274 patients were analyzed. CV> 36% was present in 56 patients (20.4%). In the bivariate analysis, demographic and clinical variables were included, such as time since diagnosis, hypoglycemia history, A1c, GFR and treatment established. In the multivariate analysis, GFR 9% (OR 2.81; CI 1.05,7.51; p:0.04) and hypoglycemia history (OR 2.09; CI 1.02,4.32; p:0.04) were associated with HGV. Treatment with iDPP4 (OR 0.39; CI 0.19,0.82; p:0.01) and AGLP1 (OR 0.08; CI 0.01,0.68; p:0.02) was inversely associated with GV. Conclusion: Clinical variables such as GFR 9% and a history of hypoglycemia are associated with a high GV. Our data suggest that the use of technology and treatments able to reduce glycemic variability could be useful in this population to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia and to improve glycemic control.Revista Internacional - Indexad

Toxic Determination of Cry11 Mutated Proteins Obtained Using Rational Design and Its Computational Analysis

Cry11 proteins are toxic to Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Cry11Aa and Cry11Bb are protoxins, which when activated present their active-toxin form in two fragments between 30 and 35 kDa respectively. Previous studies conducted with Cry11Aa and Cry11Bb genes using DNA shuffling generated variant 8, which presented a deletion in the first 73 amino acids and one at position 572 and 9 substitutions including L553F and L556W. In this study, variant 8 mutants were constructed using site-directed mutagenesis, resulting in conversion of phenylalanine (F) and tryptophan (W) to leucine (L) at positions 553 and 556, respectively, producing the mutants 8F553L, 8W556L, and 8F553L/8W556L. Additionally, two mutants, A92D and C157R, derived from Cry11Bb were also generated. The proteins were expressed in the non-crystal strain BMB171 of Bacillus thuringiensis and subjected to median-lethal concentration (LC 50) tests on first-instar larvae of A. aegypti. LC 50 analysis showed that the 8F553L, 8W556L, 8F553L/8W556L, and C157R variants lost their toxic activity (&gt;500 ng·mL -1), whereas the A92D protein presented a loss of toxicity of 11.4 times that of Cry11Bb. Cytotoxicity assays performed using variant 8, 8W556L and the controls Cry11Aa, Cry11Bb, and Cry-negative BMB171 on the colorectal cancer cell line SW480 reported 30-50% of cellular viability except for BMB171. Molecular dynamic simulations performed to identify whether the mutations at positions 553 and 556 were related to the stability and rigidity of the functional tertiary structure (domain III) of the Cry11Aa protein and variant 8 showed the importance of these mutations in specific regions for the toxic activity of Cry11 against A. aegypti. This generates pertinent knowledge for the design of Cry11 proteins and their biotechnological applications in vector-borne disease control and cancer cell lines. </p

Más allá de las dimensiones del cuidado. Sistematización de la experiencia de enseñanza aprendizaje sobre el cuidado

The systematization of the teaching experience in human care is part of the project called Human Care in Nursing Education, Research, Care, and Administration. Its objective is to encourage the sharing of experiences in teaching and learning about Human Care, in order to make known the reach of the interaction and to recognize the knowledge that has been promoted or where a synergy has been generated from practice, collective and personal experience. The design of the study is qualitative; using the Participative Action Research and Learning by Experience methods. In this study, we describe what we do, feel and live, documenting the participants' opinion regarding, what is care? From the interpretation of opinion emerges a conceptual synergy unique, its own, and novel regarding the definition of care given by the respondents in a collective teaching session. Caring is to give love and support to a person in order to minimize the anguish and enter into a stage of tranquility, providing a feeling of security and confidence at the moment. (Affection 1): Caring is direct or indirect attention that is given to the human being founded on holism, observation, communication and feelings in order to strengthen the weaknesses and team work and, in this way, achieves what has been planned. (Affection 5) and among others, human care is the key to caring with human quality founded in affection, confidence and personal presence with the objective that the person achieves the greatest satisfaction in the moment and occasion of his/her health status. (Affection 24).Esta sistematizaci&oacute;n de experiencia sobre la ense&ntilde;anza del Cuidado Humano se inscribe en el proyecto titulado Cuidado Humano en Educaci&oacute;n, Investigaci&oacute;n, Administraci&oacute;n y Cuidado en Enfermer&iacute;a, cuya finalidad es favorecer el intercambio de experiencias en la ense&ntilde;anza y el aprendizaje sobre el Cuidado Humano; concienciar los alcances de la interacci&oacute;n y reconocer el conocimiento que se ha potenciado o d&oacute;nde se ha generado una sinergia desde la pr&aacute;ctica, la experiencia colectiva y la experiencia personal. Materiales y M&eacute;todos: El dise&ntilde;o del estudio es cualitativo; utilizando el m&eacute;todo Investigaci&oacute;n Acci&oacute;n Participativa y el Aprendizaje por Experiencia. En el mismo se describe lo que hacemos, sentimos y vivimos, documentando la opini&oacute;n de los participantes sobre &iquest;Qu&eacute; es el cuidado? De la interpretaci&oacute;n de las opiniones, emerge una sinergia conceptual, &uacute;nica, propia y novedosa sobre la definici&oacute;n de cuidado dada por los informantes, en una sesi&oacute;n colectiva de ense&ntilde;anza. Los resultados son los conceptos de cuidado que emergen de forma emp&iacute;rica y significativa: entre otros, Cuidado es brindar amor y apoyo a la persona para que minimice la angustia y entre en un estadio de tranquilidad, proporcion&aacute;ndole en el momento, un sentimiento de seguridad y confianza. (Afecto 1); y entre otros, el cuidado humano es la clave de la atenci&oacute;n, con calidad humana, fundamentada en el afecto, la confianza y con la presencia del personal, con el fin de que la persona alcance la mayor satisfacci&oacute;n, en el momento y en la ocasi&oacute;n, de su estado de salud. (Afecto 24). En conclusi&oacute;n, la sistematizaci&oacute;n de la pr&aacute;ctica pedag&oacute;gica sobre el cuidado humano proporciona una de las v&iacute;as para hacer m&aacute;s significativo entre las enfermeras la contribuci&oacute;n del cuidado en la vida de los cuidados y de los cuidadores como principio universal, conjuntamente, con el amor, en la vida de los humanos y de la humanidad

Probing Quark-Gluon Interactions with Transverse Polarized Scattering

We have extracted QCD matrix elements from our data on double polarized inelastic scattering of electrons on nuclei. We find the higher twist matrix element \tilde{d_2}, which arises strictly from quark- gluon interactions, to be unambiguously non zero. The data also reveal an isospin dependence of higher twist effects if we assume that the Burkhardt-Cottingham Sum rule is valid. The fundamental Bjorken sum rule obtained from the a0 matrix element is satisfied at our low momentum transfer.Comment: formerly "Nachtmann Moments of the Proton and Deuteron Spin Structure Functions

Proton Spin Structure in the Resonance Region

We have examined the spin structure of the proton in the region of the nucleon resonances (1.085 GeV < W < 1.910 GeV) at an average four momentum transfer of Q^2 = 1.3 GeV^2. Using the Jefferson Lab polarized electron beam, a spectrometer, and a polarized solid target, we measured the asymmetries A_parallel and A_perp to high precision, and extracted the asymmetries A_1 and A_2, and the spin structure functions g_1 and g_2. We found a notably non-zero A_perp, significant contributions from higher-twist effects, and only weak support for polarized quark--hadron duality.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX4, similar to PRL submission, plots colorized and appenix added, v3: minor edit, matches PR

Proton G_E/G_M from beam-target asymmetry

The ratio of the proton's electric to magnetic form factor, G_E/G_M, can be extracted in elastic electron-proton scattering by measuring either cross sections, beam-target asymmetry or recoil polarization. Separate determinations of G_E/G_M by cross sections and recoil polarization observables disagree for Q^2 > 1 (GeV/c)^2. Measurement by a third technique might uncover an unknown systematic error in either of the previous measurements. The beam-target asymmetry has been measured for elastic electron-proton scattering at Q^2 = 1.51 (GeV/c)^2 for target spin orientation aligned perpendicular to the beam momentum direction. This is the largest Q^2 at which G_E/G_M has been determined by a beam-target asymmetry experiment. The result, \muG_E/G_M = 0.884 +/- 0.027 +/- 0.029, is compared to previous world data.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Updated to be version published in Physical Review