« Un Enfant en conflit avec la loi au Togo aux frontières du sacré et du sacrificiel ». Cas de Paulin : un enfant aux multiples statuts ou aux problématiques psychopathologiques multiples ?

International audienceThe phenomenon of Children in Conflict with the Law in Togo commonly echoes transgression. However, this label, which can be qualified as a socio-legal label, questions and conceals the status shouldered by those children and adolescents. This article is an excerpt from a qualitative, doctoral research project whose data is drawn from life story collections (Bertaux, 1993 ; 2006), analyzed using the method of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, 1993) and Complementarism (Devereux, 1972). The objective of Paulin's case study is to explore its subjective experience by highlighting a child's status. A thematic content analysis of Paulin's study reveals a set of pre-existing and co-existing statuses to that of Children in Conflict with the Law, conducive to a process of repetition. Paulin's status of a sacred child, and therefore worthy of absolute protection, was marred by a combination of factors. The manifestations of its suffering have been perceived but biased by transgenerational factors making attempts to take care of them futile, even though they are multidisciplinary. Thus, the changes in family structures and social relations in Togo imply a readjustment of joint care and child protection interventions. A complementary approach would seem to be a line for reflection..Cependant, cette étiquette sociojuridique questionne et dissimule des statuts endossés par ces enfants et adolescents. Cet article est un extrait d’une recherche qualitative, doctorale, dont les données sont tirées de recueils de récits de vie (Bertaux, 1993 ; 2006), analysés via la méthode de l’Interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith, 1993) et le complémentarisme (Devereux, 1972). L’objectif de la présente étude de cas de Paulin est d’explorer son expérience subjective en mettant en évidence ses statuts d’enfants. Une analyse de contenu thématique du récit de vie de Paulin révèle un ensemble de statuts préexistants et coexistants à celui d’enfant en conflit avec la loi, propices à un processus de répétition. Le statut d’enfant sacré de Paulin, par conséquent digne de protection absolue, a été entaché par un ensemble de facteurs. Les manifestations de sa souffrance ont été perçues mais biaisées par des facteurs transgénérationnelles rendant les tentatives de prise en charge vaines, bien qu’elles soient pluridisciplinaires. Ainsi, les mutations que connaissent les structures familiales et les rapports sociaux au Togo impliquent un réajustement des interventions conjointes de soins et de la protection de l’enfance. Une approche complémentariste semble être une piste de réflexion

Nonlinear characterization and modeling of low frequency dispersive effects in power transistors

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A new nonlinear HEMT model for AlGaN/GaN switch applications

International audienceWe present here a new set of equations for modeling the IV characteristics of Field Effects Transistors (FETs), particularly optimized for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. These equations describe the whole characteristics from negative to positive breakdown loci, and reproduce the current saturation at high level. Using this model enables to decrease the modeling process duration when a same transistor topology is used for several applications in a T/R module. It can even be used for switches design, which is the most demanding application in terms of IV swing. Moreover, particular care was taken to accurately model the first third orders of the current derivatives, which is important for multione applications. We also focused on an accurate definition of the nonlinear elements such as capacitances for power applications. There are 18 parameters for the main current source (and six for both diodes Igs and Igd). This can be compared to Tajima's equations-based model (13 parameters) or to the Angelov model (14 parameters), which only fit the IV characteristics for positive values of Vds. We will detail here the model formulation, and show some measurements/modeling comparisons on both IV, S-parameters and temporal load-pull obtained for a 8 75 m GaN HEMT, with 0.25 m gate length

State of the Art 58W, 38% PAE X-Band AlGaN/GaN HEMTs microstrip MMIC Amplifiers

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