KEDUDUKAN AHLI WARIS NON MUSLIM DALAM KEWARISAN ISLAM (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NOMOR : 1578/PDT.G/2010/PA.JT)

Salah satu pembahasan dalam ilmu mawaris adalah pembahasan tentang penghalang dalam kewarisan. Penghalang dalam kewarisan ada tiga penyebabnya yaitu pembunuhan yang disengaja, beda agama dan perbudakan. Beda agama adalah apabila antara ahli waris dan pewaris salah satunya beragama Islam dan yang lain tidak beragama Islam. Tentang perbedaan agama antara pewaris dan ahli waris, dapat menggugurkan hak seseorang untuk mewarisi harta peninggalan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini ialah bagaimana kedudukan ahli waris non muslim dalam kewarisan Islam dan apakah pertimbangan Hakim dalam putusan nomor : 1578/Pdt.G/2010/PA.JT telah sesuai dengan hukum Islam serta Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan peneliti adalah library research (yurudis normatif). Yaitu suatu pendekatan alternatif yang menganalisa bahan-bahan pustaka di bidang hukum yang norma- normanya tertulis dan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptis analitis, yaitu dengan menggunakan metode dan teori ilmu-ilmu sosial tentang hukum untuk membantu peneliti dalam melakukan analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan yakni : (1) Hukum Islam menegaskan prinsip dalam kewarisan bahwa ahli waris non muslim tidak mempunyai kedudukan untuk mewarisi harta dari pewaris muslim, sebagaimana yang telah diatur dalam Al-Qur’an, Hadits serta Kompilasi Hukum Islam. (2) Dalam pertimbangan hakim Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Timur dianggap telah terjadi kekeliruan mengenai pemahaman tentang kompetensi absolut Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Timur yang menetapkan masalah kewarisan Islam, karena pada dasarnya yang mempunyai kewenangan absolut ialah Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Timur. Hal tersebut menimbulkan dasar penolakan hakim Pengadilan Agama menolak gugatan perkara ahli waris, yang menyebabkan ahli waris non muslim memperoleh kembali hak kewarisannya. Hasil dari putusan tersebut ditinjau secara sudut pandang Islam sangat bertentangan dengan Al- Qur’an dan Hadits serta ketentuan menurut perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Islam, bahwa mengenai sistem kewarisan Islam tidak mengakui ahli waris non muslim sebagai ahli waris dari pewaris muslim

Bioaccumulation Pattern of Cadmium and Lead in the Head Capsule and Body Muscle of Clarias gariepinus [Burchell, 1822] Exposed to Paint Emulsion Effluent

The toxicity of Sub-lethal concentrations of effluents from a paint emulsion industry were investigated on African catfish Clarias gariepinus in order to determine the bioaccumulation pattern of two heavy metals i.e., Lead and Cadmium in the Head capsule and Body muscle using a renewable static bioassay. The trend of bioconcentration of metals in the head capsule and muscle of the test organisms differs significantly (phead capsule. In the muscle, the highest bioaccumulation of lead was 0.4680 mg/L while the least was 0.0660 mg/L. Cadmium bioaccumulation in the head had the highest value to be 2.0424 mg/L while the lowest value was 0.0101 mg/L. In the head capsule on the other hand, the highest accumulation of lead was found to be 0.3918 mg/L while its lowest value was 0.1677 mg/L. The highest value for cadmium in the head capsule was 2.0249 mg/L while its lowest was 0.0058 mg/L. It was revealed in the study that fish can bioaccumulate heavy metals from a polluted environment, which often result in reduction or impairment of natural population size and could be a veritable source of these metals to man. Therefore corrective measures should be taken to avoid pollution of this sort in the environment

BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS EXPOSED TO SUB-LETHAL CONCENTRATIONS OF CHEMICAL ADDITIVES EFFLUENT.

Chemicals such as industrial effluents induces some level of alterations in the naturally occuring chemical composition of aquatic phase which in turn alters the behavioural, biochemistry, and general physiology of aquatic fauna among which is catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Chemical additives effluent was analysed to determine its physicochemical parameters. Part of the result conforms to the Federal Environmental Protection Agencies standard specification for effluent discharge into the aquatic environment while other parameters like TDS, TSS, and Alkalinity deviated from the standard. The fish, Clarias gariepinus was exposed to 0.25mg/L, 0.30mg/L, 0.35mg/L and 0.40mg/L concentrations of the effluent for 96 hours and the LC50 value for the acute toxicity was found to be 0.335223mg/L. The impact of long term exposure to the effluent was also evaluated through changes of selected biochemical parameters using the 20%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% of the 96-h LC50 value for 42 days.the parameters measured are glucose, total protein, cholesterol, albumin and globulin. All the parameters recorded a significant difference in their values as against the control except cholesterol. The alteration in all parameters was significantly concentration and time dependent and this could be attributed to stress behavioural response as a result of the toxicity of the effluent

Developing Mathematical Learning Device Using Ttw (Think- Talk-Write) Strategy Assisted By Learning Cd To Foster Mathematical Communication

This research aims to produce mathematical learning device or tool using TTW strategy that is valid, practical, and effective. The developed device consists of syllabi, Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), Student Reading which is packaged in CD (BBS), and an evaluation tool. Receiver of treatment or Subjects are the eighth grade students of Muhammadiyah Junior High School in Purworejo. First experiment held in the class A of eighth grade students aimed to determine the legibility of device and the level of difficulty, distinguishing features, and reliability test learning outcomes. Second experiment conducted in class C of eighth grade students aimed to verify the practicality of the device and the effectiveness of learning using developed devices, whereas the class G is as control class. Results from 5 validations of the device are: the mean score of syllabi is 3.48; RPP is 3.79; BBS is 3.73; LKS is 3.73; assessment tool is 3.71 (on scale 1-4). Such results mean that validation criteria of the device is valid. The score of experiment results showed that the criteria of learning process is 3.80; the students’ response is 93.85%; the teacher’s score is 3.91, that means it’s a practical device. Learning using the devices results a classical learning mastery, and achievement test of an experimental class is better than the control class. Furthermore, student’s activity has a positive influence for achievement, so it’s the effective device. Key words: developed device, Think-Talk-Write (TTW), the mathematical learnin

Differential bioaccumulation of heavy metals in selected biomarkers of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) exposed to chemical additives effluent

The toxicity of Sublethal concentrations of chemical additives effluents were investigated on African catfish Clarias gariepinus using a renewable static bioassay. The trend of bioconcentration of metals in the gut, liver, gills and kidney of the test organisms differs significantly (p < 0.05) and it followed the order, liver> gill >gut > muscle. The result revealed that the liver had Ni concentration of 0.0046 mg/L and 16.1208 mg/L of magnesium as the highest. In the muscle, Ni was not bioaccumulated (0.0000 mg/L) while the highest magnesium concentration of 10.7345 mg/L was recorded. The gill had the least concentration of 0.0010 mg/L for Cu while the highest concentration recorded for Mg was 12.6797 mg/L. The gut had Mn concentration of 0.0401 mg/L and Mg concentration of 14.5001mg/L. It was revealed that fish can bioaccumulate heavy metals from a polluted environment, which may result in reduction or impairment of natural population size and could be a risk to consumers. Consumption of fish from polluted environment should be discouraged

Scheme Independence to all Loops

The immense freedom in the construction of Exact Renormalization Groups means that the many non-universal details of the formalism need never be exactly specified, instead satisfying only general constraints. In the context of a manifestly gauge invariant Exact Renormalization Group for SU(N) Yang-Mills, we outline a proof that, to all orders in perturbation theory, all explicit dependence of beta function coefficients on both the seed action and details of the covariantization cancels out. Further, we speculate that, within the infinite number of renormalization schemes implicit within our approach, the perturbative beta function depends only on the universal details of the setup, to all orders.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures; Proceedings of Renormalization Group 2005, Helsinki, Finland, 30th August - 3 September 2005. v2: Published in jphysa; minor changes / refinements; refs. adde