Izofloran ve Halotan Anestezisinin Kanin Toraks Cerrahisinde Hemodinamik Dengeye Olan Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması

This study was performed to investigate the effects of isoflurane and halothane anaesthesia on haemodynamic parameters and blood gases in thorax surgery of dogs. Twenty, free-living, cross-breed dogs weighing 24.2 ± 4 kg, were equally divided into two groups as isoflurane and halothane. Atropine sulphate (0.04 mg/kg), xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg) were injected for sedation. Thiopental sodium (15 mg/kg) and fentanyl citrate (5µg/kg) were injected intravenously for induction. Dogs were ventilated for 16 times/min to maintain the 15 ml/kg of tidal volume. A right side thoractomy was performed. Anaesthesia was maintained by either 1.5 % of isoflurane or halothane. Hearth rate (HR), minimal arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), central venous pressure (CVP), right ventricular pressure (RVP) pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) as well as blood gases were recorded at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. of the anaesthesia. Significant differences were determined between two groups at 0, 15, 30 and 60 min. in HR and at 0 and 15 min. in PCWP. Hearth rate was increased at 15 min. in halothane group, and at 30 min in isoflurane group, and thereafter it returned to the initial levels in both groups. Decreases were determined in MAP and CO levels in halothane group while MAP levels were stable in isoflurane group. In conclusion, anaesthesia with isoflurane was safer than the anaesthesia with halothane in the thoracic surgery of dogs.Bu çalışma köpeklerde toraks cerrahisinde izofloran ve halotan anestezisinin hemodinamik parametrelere ve kan gazlarına etkisini araştırmak için gerçekleştirilmiştir.Ağırlıkları 24,2 ± 4 kg olan 20 karışık ırk köpek eşit olarak izofloran ve halotan grubu olmak üzere 2 ‘ye ayrıldı. Atropin sülfat (0,04 mg/kg, subkutan) enjeksiyonunu izleyerek ksilazin hidroklorid (2 mg/kg, intramuskuler) verilmesiyle sedasyon sağlandı. İndüksiyon pentotal sodyum (15 mg/kg ) ve fentanil sitrat‘ın (5 mcg/kg) intravenöz enjeksiyonuyla sağlandı. Köpekler tidal volüm 15 ml/kg olacak şekilde dakikada 16 kez ventile edildi. Sağ torakotomi her iki grupta gerçekleştirildi. Anestezi idamesi % 1,5 izofloran ve halotan ile sürdürüldü. Kalp atım sayısı (HR), ortalama arteriyel kan basıncı (MAP), kardiak debi (CO), santral venöz basınç (CVP), sağ ventrikül basıncı (RVP), pulmoner arter basıncı (PAP), pulmoner kapillar veç basıncı (PCWP) ve kan gazları, anestezinin 0, 15, 30, 60 ve 120. dakikalarında kaydedildi. HR’de iki grup arasında 0, 15, 30 ve 60. dakikalarda, PCWP ise 0 ve 15. dakikalarda fark gözlendi. HR, halotan grubunda 15. dakikada, izofloran grubunda ise 30. dakikada arttı. Sonraki zamanlarda başlangıç seviyesine indi. MAP ve CO’da Halotan grubunda düşüş gözlenirken, İzofloran grubunda stabil kaldı. Sonuç olarak, köpeklerde toraks cerrahisinde izofloran anestezisi halotan anestezisine göre daha güvenli bulunmuştur

The Effects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Opiate-Induced Analgesia in Rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent experiments have shown that transcranial electrical stimulation significantly increases the potency and duration of the analgesic effects of opioids in humans and rats. In the present study, the influence of transcranial electrical stimulation (TCES) on the analgesic effect of remifentanil hydrochloride (HCl) in rats was determined

A comparative study about hydroxyapatite coated AZ31 and AZ91 Mg alloys

Magnesium alloys are potential candidates for hard tissue replacements due to their structural and mechanical properties close to bone. Unlike conventional metallic implants, the corrosion rate of magnesium is quite high. This will be an advantage if magnesium-based materials are used as biodegradable. In this study, Magnesium-based AZ31 and AZ91 magnesium alloys were coated with hydroxyapatite by plasma spray and electrostatic spray methods and their corrosion rates were compared

Manganese-enhanced MRI to evaluate neurodegenerative changes in a rat model of kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity

WOS: 000323750100001PubMed ID: 23886936PURPOSE Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) has been used to detect brain activity based on the ability of active neurons to take up manganese ions through calcium channels. Kainic acid (KA), an analog of excitotoxic glutamate, can elicit selective neuronal death in the brains of rodents, of which the pathological changes partially mimic neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. We used in vivo MEMRI to evaluate neurodegenerative changes in an excitotoxicity model induced by KA in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (220-250 g) were injected with either KA or saline into the right lateral ventricle. Precontrast and postcontrast MEMRI sessions were obtained. Region of interest (ROI) analyses were performed on both injected (saline and KA) and contralateral (normal) sites in the hippocampal area. All brains were evaluated histologically following MEMRI. RESULTS Analysis of percentage change in ROI intensities of T1-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MR images in the hippocampal area revealed a significant difference between the KA-injected (ipsilateral) and contralateral sites (P = 0.008), whereas no significant difference was observed between the saline-injected and contralateral sites. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between ipsilateral sites of the saline-treated and KA-treated groups (P = 0.026). The histological results supported these findings. CONCLUSION MEMRI is a simple and useful in vivo method for detecting neurodegenerative changes due to excitotoxicity in the rat brain. The development of a manganese-based contrast agent that can be safely used in humans is warranted to investigate neurological disorders

Izofloran ve Halotan Anestezisinin Kanin Toraks Cerrahisinde Hemodinamik Dengeye Olan Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması

This study was performed to investigate the effects of isoflurane and halothane anaesthesia on haemodynamic parameters and blood gases in thorax surgery of dogs. Twenty, free-living, cross-breed dogs weighing 24.2 ± 4 kg, were equally divided into two groups as isoflurane and halothane. Atropine sulphate (0.04 mg/kg), xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg) were injected for sedation. Thiopental sodium (15 mg/kg) and fentanyl citrate (5µg/kg) were injected intravenously for induction. Dogs were ventilated for 16 times/min to maintain the 15 ml/kg of tidal volume. A right side thoractomy was performed. Anaesthesia was maintained by either 1.5 % of isoflurane or halothane. Hearth rate (HR), minimal arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), central venous pressure (CVP), right ventricular pressure (RVP) pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) as well as blood gases were recorded at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. of the anaesthesia. Significant differences were determined between two groups at 0, 15, 30 and 60 min. in HR and at 0 and 15 min. in PCWP. Hearth rate was increased at 15 min. in halothane group, and at 30 min in isoflurane group, and thereafter it returned to the initial levels in both groups. Decreases were determined in MAP and CO levels in halothane group while MAP levels were stable in isoflurane group. In conclusion, anaesthesia with isoflurane was safer than the anaesthesia with halothane in the thoracic surgery of dogs.Bu çalışma köpeklerde toraks cerrahisinde izofloran ve halotan anestezisinin hemodinamik parametrelere ve kan gazlarına etkisini araştırmak için gerçekleştirilmiştir.Ağırlıkları 24,2 ± 4 kg olan 20 karışık ırk köpek eşit olarak izofloran ve halotan grubu olmak üzere 2 ‘ye ayrıldı. Atropin sülfat (0,04 mg/kg, subkutan) enjeksiyonunu izleyerek ksilazin hidroklorid (2 mg/kg, intramuskuler) verilmesiyle sedasyon sağlandı. İndüksiyon pentotal sodyum (15 mg/kg ) ve fentanil sitrat‘ın (5 mcg/kg) intravenöz enjeksiyonuyla sağlandı. Köpekler tidal volüm 15 ml/kg olacak şekilde dakikada 16 kez ventile edildi. Sağ torakotomi her iki grupta gerçekleştirildi. Anestezi idamesi % 1,5 izofloran ve halotan ile sürdürüldü. Kalp atım sayısı (HR), ortalama arteriyel kan basıncı (MAP), kardiak debi (CO), santral venöz basınç (CVP), sağ ventrikül basıncı (RVP), pulmoner arter basıncı (PAP), pulmoner kapillar veç basıncı (PCWP) ve kan gazları, anestezinin 0, 15, 30, 60 ve 120. dakikalarında kaydedildi. HR’de iki grup arasında 0, 15, 30 ve 60. dakikalarda, PCWP ise 0 ve 15. dakikalarda fark gözlendi. HR, halotan grubunda 15. dakikada, izofloran grubunda ise 30. dakikada arttı. Sonraki zamanlarda başlangıç seviyesine indi. MAP ve CO’da Halotan grubunda düşüş gözlenirken, İzofloran grubunda stabil kaldı. Sonuç olarak, köpeklerde toraks cerrahisinde izofloran anestezisi halotan anestezisine göre daha güvenli bulunmuştur

Correlation between endoscopic and histopathological findings in dogs with chronic gastritis

Introduction: Chronic gastritis is a common diagnosis in dogs with signs of chronic vomiting. However, there is no data concerning endoscopic and histopathological agreement in dogs with chronic gastritis. Thus, a question should be raised whether taking gastroduodenal biopsies in dogs with chronic gastritis is necessary or not. Consequently, the purpose of the study was to compare the endoscopic and histopathological agreement in dogs with chronic gastritis. Material and Methods: A total of 22 non-pregnant client-owned dogs with the signs of chronic gastritis were enrolled in this prospective study. Procedures including clinical examination, blood analysis, and diagnostic imaging were performed before anaesthesia. Biopsies obtained from gastroduodenal sites were histopathologically evaluated. A total of 110 gastroduodenal samples were examined. Results: Sixtyeight samples had abnormal histopathology and endoscopy while 11 showed normal histopathological and endoscopic evidence. Conclusion: The obtained data demonstrated that it is not necessary to take extra gastroduodenal biopsies in dogs with evidence of endoscopic gastroduodenitis. We also believe that further prospective studies, including cost and time effectiveness and more specific comparison between endoscopic appearance and histopathology, are necessary to make final recommendations regarding the need of using both procedures for definitive diagnosis

Controlled Radical Polymerization of Acrylates Regulated by Visible Light

The controlled radical polymerization of a variety of acrylate monomers is reported using an Ir-catalyzed visible light mediated process leading to well-defined homo-, random, and block copolymers. The polymerizations could be efficiently activated and deactivated using light while maintaining a linear increase in molecular weight with conversion and first order kinetics. The robust nature of the fac-[Ir(ppy)3] catalyst allows carboxylic acids to be directly introduced at the chain ends through functional initiators or along the backbone of random copolymers (controlled process up to 50 mol % acrylic acid incorporation). In contrast to traditional ATRP procedures, low polydispersity block copolymers, poly(acrylate)-b-(acrylate), poly(methacrylate)-b-(acrylate), and poly(acrylate)-b-(methacrylate), could be prepared with no monomer sequence requirements. These results illustrate the increasing generality and utility of light mediated Ir-catalyzed polymerization as a platform for polymer synthesis