Geometric phase gate for entangling two Bose-Einstein condensates

We propose a method of entangling two spinor Bose-Einstein condensates using a geometric phase gate. The scheme relies upon only the ac Stark shift and a common controllable optical mode coupled to the spins. Our scheme allows for the creation of an SzSz type interaction where Sz is the total spin. The geometric phase gate can be executed in times of the order of 2{\pi} /G, where G is the magnitude of the Stark shift. In contrast to related schemes which relied on a fourth order interaction to produce entanglement this is a second order interaction in the number of atomic transitions. Closed expressions for the entangling phase are derived and the effects of decoherence due to cavity decay, spontaneous emission and incomplete de-entangling of the light to BEC are analyzed

Atomic population distribution in the output ports of cold-atom interferometers with optical splitting and recombination

Cold-atom interferometers with optical splitting and recombination use off-resonant laser beams to split a cloud of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) into two clouds that travel along different paths and are then recombined again using optical beams. After the recombination, the BEC in general populates both the cloud at rest and the moving clouds. Measuring relative number of atoms in each of these clouds yields information about the relative phase shift accumulated by the atoms in the two moving clouds during the interferometric cycle. We derive the expression for the probability of finding any given number of atoms in each of the clouds, discuss features of the probability density distribution, analyze its dependence on the relative accumulated phase shift as a function of the strength of the interatomic interactions, and compare our results with experiment.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figure

Effect of Topography on the Heavy Metal Levels of Raphia Palm Tree and Oil Palm Tree Wine Produced within Awka South and North Local Government Areas in Anambra State

Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of topography on the heavy metal levels of raphia palm tree and oil palm tree wine produced within Awka South and North local government areas using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. Soil and palm (oil palm tree and raphia palm tree) wine samples produced in the studied upland and lowland areas were wet digested and analyzed for the presence of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The lowland soil samples had 0.38±0.08, 6.27±0.40, 0.18±0.05 and 9.55±0.80µg/g as mean levels for Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn respectively. The upland soil samples had 0.70±0.04, 4.89±0.15, 0.06±0.02 and 7.07±0.22 µg/g as the mean levels for Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn respectively. The studied heavy metals were present in the soil sample areas in the following decreasing order; Zn > Cu >Pb >Cd.The mean range of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn levels in the palm (oil palm tree and raphia palm tree) wine samples produced in the upland areas were 0.04- 0.06, 1.06- 1.91, 0.03- 0.05 and 2.86- 4.04 µg/g respectively. Pb was at toxic level in the oil palm tree wine samples produced in the upland areas.The mean range of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn levels in the palm (oil palm tree and raphia palm tree) wine samples produced in the lowland areas were 0.05- 0.09, 1.95- 3.23, 0.04- 0.07 and 4.66- 6.51µg/g respectively. Pb, Cu and Cd were at toxic levels in the oil palm tree wine samples produced in the lowland areas. The palm wine samples produced in both the lowland and upland areas contained the investigated heavy metals at statistically significant levels. Because of the near daily consumption of palm wine produced from the oil palm and raphia trees as a drink of leisure by all categories of the people in the society, especially with high volume of production taking place in the lowland areas, it is important that human activities that supports the contamination of the soil with heavy metals, where these wines are produced are checkmated by government and host communities so as to limit the exposure to the heavy metals by palm wine consumers

An Inquiry into the Moral Question of Xeno-Transplantation

The practice of cross species transplantation has generated enormous controversies over time. Recently the lack of human organ donors has prompted an intense research effort throughout the medical community towards the possibility for animal organ transplants. Taking advantage of the overwhelming success of human to human transplantation, xeno-transplantation aims to reduce the demand-supply gap for organs. This paper examined whether the potentiality of saving thousands of lives should annihilate the ethical implications of xeno-transplantation and whether the possibility of ethical and health problems should overshadow the benefits of this new technology

Design Analysis of a GSM/RF-Based Remote Controlled Robotic Car

In years past, the motion of wireless robotic vehicles has been restricted by limited distance of control, line-of-sight control and interference which is mainly caused by the use of Infra-Red and Radio Frequency circuits for the remote control of the robot. This paper presents a solution to such problem whereby a GSM/RF based remote control system is used to control a robotic car. This is done in such a way that to control the robot, the user makes a phone call to the phone attached to the robot which automatically answers the call.During the phone call, the user can control the robotic car with the keys on the phone. Hence the user can control the robotic car from anywhere no matter the distance without interference so far as the robotic car can be seen by the user. The design methodology involves  four stages, namely: power supply unit, the input unit, the control unit and the output unit. The performance evaluation of the designed work after series of tests was very satisfactory. Keywords: GSM, Robotic Car, Remote, Control, DTM

The effects of rhythm on building openings and fenestrations on airflow pattern in tropical low-rise residential buildings

Effective passive airflow in low-rise residential buildings in hot-humid environment is crucial to maintaining good indoor thermal comfort for occupants. However, investigation of effects of the rhythm of window openings on achieving a passive airflow pattern in such buildings in the tropical climate of sub-Saharan Nigeria have been rarely studied. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of the rhythm of window openings on passive airflow patterns for indoor thermal comfort in low-rise residential buildings in the hot-humid environment of Obosi, Nigeria. It involved experimental research using the Anemometer TA465 instrument for measuring wind velocity, relative humidity, and temperature of the purposively designated buildings in the three layouts of the study area for both wet and dry seasons. Employing the Yamane statistical formula, a sample size of 433 was obtained, and questionnaires were administered to occupants of the studied buildings and analyzed using categorical Regression Analysis (CATREG). The regression analysis showed that p=0.000, i.e. p<0.05 indicating that there was a significant relationship between the type and sizes of windows (elements used in measuring rhythm) and the intensity or force of breeze (a measure of passive airflow pattern). Further analysis of the data involved the use of Autodesk CFD 2018 (Computational Fluid Dynamics) for building wind flow simulations. The result showed variations in temperature levels (indications of differences in indoor thermal comfort) of various indoor spaces of the investigated designated floors and buildings, especially ground floors and the top-most floors of the buildings. The study underscored the need to use architectural rhythm design strategies to create a positive impact on airflow patterns in low-rise buildings, especially in densely built-up urban areas. The results of this study are instructive in noting that in order to attain passive airflow in buildings in the face of challenge of land restrictions, vertical stacking of building floors could be used once an adequate rhythm of window openings is adopted

How university students in South Africa perceive their fathers’ roles in their educational development

The larger study that has influenced this article was designed to explore what influenced rural men’s capabilities to actively participate in children’s early social development and its impact on transition to adulthood among their university-going children. Studies have established an increase in the level at which fathers in South Africa have been found wanting in terms of supporting their children’s development at early stages in their lives. It has been reported that this unacceptable behaviour can be transmitted or carried over from one generation to the next. There is the belief that the majority of the young male children who experienced non-supportive fathers will grow up repeating this behaviour with their children. This calls for a study on the perceptions of young people about what fatherhood is all about, hence this study. This study used a descriptive survey with a sample size of 300 students studying education in one university in the Eastern Cape Province. A 25-item questionnaire titled Perception of Fatherhood by University Students (α = 0.75) was used to collect data that were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The participants perceived that the experience and level of education influence men’s perception of fatherhood positively. Extra‑curricular programmes for proper fatherhood transition of young boys are recommended, commencing from Grade 1 through to Grade 12, to expose them to the kinds of dispositions that will enable them to be responsible fathers. There is also a need for compulsory empowerment programmes such as for designers, artists and sportsmen and other semi-skilled professions for male children who cannot acquire higher education to strengthen them socio-economically to provide education for their children