Principles of the Distribution of Productive Forces in the USSR

The work of planning does not end with the drafting and endorsing of a plan. An equally important aspect of this work is to ensure fulfillment of the plan. The means adopted to this end include material and moral incentives and special awards to outstanding enterprises and their workers, the introduction of cost accounting, economically sound prices, the raising of efficiency and profitability and the assimilation and dissemination of the experience of advanced enterprises. At the present stage of development of the Soviet society, the tasks of economic planning have the aim of securing a substantial use in production efficiency so as to bring about a rapid use in the living standards of the soviet people

Recent Material from the USSR on Settlement Systems and Urban Growth

Comparative assessment of the state of the art of national settlement strategies and urban policies, together with their theoretical and methodological underpinnings is one of the early objectives of IIASA's Urban and Regional Systems project. Recent literature was requested and received from a number of Soviet institutions. The following contains abstracts of specific articles and an appendix listing tables of contents

Cognitive Attitudes and Biases of Victim Mentality

Received December 22, 2020. Accepted December 16, 2021. Published online December 30, 2021.The research analyses cognitive attitudes and biases in people with victim mentality. The hypothesis that the study aims to test is that there is a correlation between the level of victimhood and the cognitive attitudes and biases that determine victim behaviour. Methodologically, the study relies on a range of tools, including the questionnaire “Predisposition to Victim Behaviour”, the Victim Mentality Questionnaire, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale and the adjusted REBT-test (rational emotive behaviour therapy). The study was conducted in 2018 in Russia and covered a sample of 106 people: 45 male and 61 female respondents aged 20–29. The hypothesis was confirmed and correlations were found between the type of victim behaviour, victim mentality, dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs. Irrational beliefs are thus considered as victimogenic determinants correlating with the level of victimhood and forms of victim behaviour. These findings can be used to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies to help patients suffering from victim mentality and related problems

Spectra of high n and non-low n degrees

We survey known results on spectra of structures and on spectra of relations on computable structures, asking when the set of all highn degrees can be such a spectrum, and likewise for the set of non-low n degrees. We then repeat these questions specifically for linear orders and for relations on the computable dense linear order ℚ. New results include realizations of the set of non-low n Turing degrees as the spectrum of a relation on ℚ for all n≥1, and a realization of the set of all non-low n Turing degrees as the spectrum of a linear order whenever n≥2. The state of current knowledge is summarized in a table in the concluding section. © 2010 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved

Modifying the surface electronic properties of YBa2Cu3O7-delta with cryogenic scanning probe microscopy

We report the results of a cryogenic study of the modification of YBa2Cu3O7-delta surface electronic properties with the probe of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). A negative voltage applied to the sample during STM tunneling is found to modify locally the conductance of the native degraded surface layer. When the degraded layer is removed by etching, the effect disappears. An additional surface effect is identified using Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy in combination with STM. We observe reversible surface charging for both etched and unetched samples, indicating the presence of a defect layer even on a surface never exposed to air.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Superconductor Science and Technolog

Polaronic excitations in CMR manganite films

In the colossal magnetoresistance manganites polarons have been proposed as the charge carrier state which localizes across the metal-insulator transition. The character of the polarons is still under debate. We present an assessment of measurements which identify polarons in the metallic state of La{2/3}Sr{1/3}MnO{3} (LSMO) and La{2/3}Ca{1/3}MnO{3} (LCMO) thin films. We focus on optical spectroscopy in these films which displays a pronounced resonance in the mid-infrared. The temperature dependent resonance has been previously assigned to polaron excitations. These polaronic resonances are qualitatively distinct in LSMO and LCMO and we discuss large and small polaron scenarios which have been proposed so far. There is evidence for a large polaron excitation in LSMO and small polarons in LCMO. These scenarios are examined with respect to further experimental probes, specifically charge carrier mobility (Hall-effect measurements) and high-temperature dc-resistivity.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure