6,158 research outputs found
Coherent control of atomic excitation using off-resonant strong few-cycle pulses
We study the dynamics of a two-level system driven by an off-resonant
few-cycle pulse which has a phase jump at , in contrast to many
cycle pulses, under non rotating-wave approximation (NRWA). We give a closed
form analytical solution for the evolution of the probability amplitude for the upper level. Using the appropriate pulse parameters like
phase-jump , jump time , pulse width , frequency and
Rabi frequency the population transfer, after the pulse is gone,
can be optimized and for the pulse considered here, enhancement of
factor was obtained.Comment: 5 Pages, 7 Figure
Effective unidirectional pumping for steady-state amplification without inversion
We discuss an opportunity to achieve amplification without inversion in
three-level cascade scheme using an effective unidirectional pumping via
bidirectional incoherent pump. Analytical solution to the population and the
coherence are obtained in the steady-state regime. With a proper choice of the
parameters, obtained here, the possibility for amplification without inversion
is presented.Comment: 8 Pages, 7 figure
Experimental observation of carrier-envelope phase effects by multicycle pulses
We present an experimental and theoretical study of carrier-envelope phase
(CEP) effects on the population transfer between two bound atomic states
interacting with pulses consisting of many cycles. Using intense
radio-frequency pulse with Rabi frequency of the order of the atomic transition
frequency, we investigated the influence of CEP on the control of phase
dependent multi-photon transitions between the Zeeman sub-levels of the ground
state of Rb. Our scheme has no limitation on the duration of the pulses.
Extending the CEP control to longer pulses creates interesting possibilities to
generate pulses with accuracy that is better then the period of optical
oscillations.Comment: 8 Pages, 6 Figure
Supersensitive measurement of angular displacements using entangled photons
We show that the use of entangled photons having non-zero orbital angular
momentum (OAM) increases the resolution and sensitivity of angular-displacement
measurements performed using an interferometer. By employing a 44
matrix formulation to study the propagation of entangled OAM modes, we analyze
measurement schemes for two and four entangled photons and obtain explicit
expressions for the resolution and sensitivity in these schemes. We find that
the resolution of angular-displacement measurements scales as while the
angular sensitivity increases as , where is the number of
entangled photons and the magnitude of the orbital-angular-momentum mode
index. These results are an improvement over what could be obtained with
non-entangled photons carrying an orbital angular momentum of per
photonComment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Corrosion Control through Surface Modification
Steel is widely used for a broad range of structural and engineering application owing to its excellent mechanical properties and many favourable characteristics.However, it is susceptible to corrosion caused by interaction with the environment. The direct-loss cost of corrosion have resulted in figure corresponding to 3-4% of GNP in deve-loped countries, where the share of industry in GNP is 32 to 41 %. In India in a recent year this loss is Rs. 40x109. An estimated average of 15 to 20% of these losses could be saved by implementing corrosion control measures
Natural convection flow in a vertical tube inspired by time-periodic heating
AbstractThis paper theoretically analyzes the flow formation and heat transfer characteristics of fully developed natural convection flow in a vertical tube due to time periodic heating of the surface of the tube. The mathematical model responsible for the present physical situation is presented under relevant boundary conditions. The essential features of natural convection flow formation and associated heat transfer characteristics through the vertical tube are clearly highlighted by the variation in the dimensionless velocity, dimensionless temperature, skin-friction, mass flow rate and rate of heat transfer. Moreover, the effect of Prandtl number and Strouhal number on the momentum and thermal transport characteristics is discussed thoroughly. The study reveals that flow formation, rate of heat transfer and mass flow rate are appreciably influenced by Prandtl number and Strouhal number
Quantum-Coherence-Enhanced Surface Plasmon Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
We investigate surface plasmon amplification in a silver nanoparticle coupled
to an externally driven three-level gain medium, and show that quantum
coherence significantly enhances the generation of surface plasmons. Surface
plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation is achieved in the
absence of population inversion on the spasing transition, which reduces the
pump requirements. The coherent drive allows us to control the dynamics, and
holds promise for quantum control of nanoplasmonic devices.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
The role of embodied scaffolding in revealing âenactive potentialitiesâ in intergenerational science exploration
Although adults are known to play an important role in young children's development, little work has focused on the enactive features of scaffolding in informal learning settings, and the embodied dynamics of intergenerational interaction. To address this gap, this paper undertakes a microinteractional analysis to examine intergenerational collaborative interaction in a science museum setting. The paper presents a fine-grained moment-by-moment analysis of video-recorded interaction of children and their adult carers around science-themed objects. Taking an enactive cognition perspective, the analysis enables access to subtle shifts in interactantsâ perception, action, gesture, and movement to examine how young children engage with exhibits, and the role adult action plays in supporting young children's engagement with exhibits and developing ideas about science. Our findings demonstrate that intergenerational âembodied scaffoldingâ is instrumental in making âenactive potentialitiesâ in the environment more accessible for children, thus deepening and enriching children's engagement with science. Adult action is central to revealing scientific dimensions of objectsâ interaction and relationships in ways that expose novel types of perception and action opportunities in shaping science experiences and meaning making. This has implications for science education practices since it foregrounds not only âdoingâ science, through active hands-on activities, but also speaks to the interconnectedness between senses and the role of the body in thinking. Drawing on the findings, this paper also offers design implications for informal science learning environments
Analytical solutions for a two-level system driven by a class of chirped pulses
We present analytical solutions for the problem of a two-level atom driven by
a class of chirped pulses. The solutions are given in terms of Heun functions.
Using appropriate chirping parameters an enhancement of four-orders of
magnitudes in the population transfer is obtained.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
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