12 research outputs found

    A novel hybrid (wind–photovoltaic) system sizing procedure

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    Wind-photovoltaic hybrid system (WPHS) utilization is becoming popular due to increasing energy costs and decreasing prices of turbines and photovoltaic (PV) panels. However, prior to construction of a renewable generation station, it is necessary to determine the optimum number of PV panels and wind turbines for minimal cost during continuity of generated energy to meet the desired consumption. In fact, the traditional sizing procedures find optimum number of the PV modules and wind turbines subject to minimum cost. However, the optimum battery capacity is either not taken into account, or it is found by a full search between all probable solution spaces which requires extensive computation. In this study, a novel description of the production/consumption phenomenon is proposed, and a new sizing procedure is developed. Using this procedure, optimum battery capacity, together with optimum number of PV modules and wind turbines subject to minimum cost can be obtained with good accuracy

    The role of circadian rhythm on the pharmacokinetic of methotrexate in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats

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    Chronopharmacokinetic studies have been conducted both in animals and humans. Anticancer agents are of great interest due to their narrow therapeutic range and large pharmacokinetic variability. It was reported that the pharmacokinetics of MTX showed a circadian rhythm in rats and humans. Since diabetes-induced physiological changes can affect pharmacokinetics of drugs, it was reported that MTX blood concentration in diabetic rats was higher than that of the control groups. The present study was designed to elucidate whether these diabetes-induced changes in pharmacokinetics occurred during the day and thus administered MTX at four different times in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (SIDM) rats. Blood samples were drawn at 5, 15, 30, and 60 min after IV infusion of MTX in both the SIDM and control groups. Control and SIDM Area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values showed a significant circadian rhythm with a peak located in mid-dark phase at 14:00. Clearance values were significantly low at 14:00 in the diabetic group when compared to other periods and the control group. The MTX AUC was increased when treatment with dexamethasone was given to suppress the endogenous production of corticosterone in both control and SIDM rats. These results suggest that the extent of MTX pharmacokinetics varies with the time of day in the SIDM rats and these variations might be related to changes in corticosterone concentrations

    The Relationship Between the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma 2 Gene Polymorphism, Lipids and Adipokines in Patients with Major Depression

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    Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR?), lipids, lipoproteins, and adipokines have recently been shown to be associated with psychiatric diseases. Our major aim is to investigate the contribution of the PPAR? gene polymorphism, adipokines, lipids, and lipoproteins to the development of major depression. Material and Methods: The frequency of Pro12Ala in exon 2 and C478T in exon 6 of the PPAR? gene, lipids and adipokines in major depression (n = 78) and control subjects (n= 64) were analyzed. Genotypes of PPARy gene polymorphisms were examined. Serum leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum apo A1, apo B, and Lp(a) levels were determined by immunonephelometry. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were analyzed by enzymatic methods. Results: The genotypes of exon 2 and exon 6 distribution did not differ between the control subjects and patients with major depression. Frequencies of genotypes of Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala in exon 2 in overweight and obese patients with major depression were higher than those of overweight and obese controls. C478T polymorphism was highest in overweight and obese patients with major depression. Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala genotypes in exon 2 of PPAR? gene in patients were found to be associated with triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol. There were significant differences regarding glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apo B, Lp(a), adiponectin and resistin levels between patient and control subjects. Conclusion: PPAR? exon gene polymorphisms, alterations in lipid profile and adipokines may be associated with the development of major depression. © 2011 by Türkiye Klinikleri

    Majör depresyonlu hastalarda peroksizom çoğaltici-aktive edici reseptör gama 2 gen polimorfizmi, lipidler ve adipokinlerle ilişkisi

    No full text
    Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR?), lipids, lipoproteins, and adipokines have recently been shown to be associated with psychiatric diseases. Our major aim is to investigate the contribution of the PPAR? gene polymorphism, adipokines, lipids, and lipoproteins to the development of major depression. Material and Methods: The frequency of Pro12Ala in exon 2 and C478T in exon 6 of the PPAR? gene, lipids and adipokines in major depression (n = 78) and control subjects (n= 64) were analyzed. Genotypes of PPARy gene polymorphisms were examined. Serum leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum apo A1, apo B, and Lp(a) levels were determined by immunonephelometry. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were analyzed by enzymatic methods. Results: The genotypes of exon 2 and exon 6 distribution did not differ between the control subjects and patients with major depression. Frequencies of genotypes of Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala in exon 2 in overweight and obese patients with major depression were higher than those of overweight and obese controls. C478T polymorphism was highest in overweight and obese patients with major depression. Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala genotypes in exon 2 of PPAR? gene in patients were found to be associated with triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol. There were significant differences regarding glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apo B, Lp(a), adiponectin and resistin levels between patient and control subjects. Conclusion: PPAR? exon gene polymorphisms, alterations in lipid profile and adipokines may be associated with the development of major depression. © 2011 by Türkiye Klinikleri
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