Междисциплинарные проблемы аддитивных технологий: сборник тезисов IV Всероссийского научного семинара с международным участием, 29-31 октября 2018, Томск

Этот сборник включает тезисы устных и стендовых докладов IV Всероссийского научного семинара с международным участием «Междисциплинарные проблемы аддитивных технологий». Семинар организован для содействия обмену результатами и опытом в области научных исследований, связанных с аддитивными технологиями, в целях развития и усиления интеграции упомянутых ранее исследований. Программа семинара в 2018 году охватывает проблемы материаловедения в аддитивных технологиях.This book comprises the abstracts of the reports on the oral and poster sessions of the International Seminar on Interdisciplinary Problems in Additive Technologies. The Seminar is organized to promote the exchange of results and experiences in the field of scientific research relevant to additive technologies in order to develop and strengthen the integration of the research mentioned earlier. The program of the Seminar in 2018 covers the problems of materials science in additive technologies

Sulindac Sulfide Reverses Aberrant Self-Renewal of Progenitor Cells Induced by the AML-Associated Fusion Proteins PML/RARα and PLZF/RARα

Chromosomal translocations can lead to the formation of chimeric genes encoding fusion proteins such as PML/RARα, PLZF/RARα, and AML-1/ETO, which are able to induce and maintain acute myeloid leukemia (AML). One key mechanism in leukemogenesis is increased self renewal of leukemic stem cells via aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Either X-RAR, PML/RARα and PLZF/RARα or AML-1/ETO activate Wnt signaling by upregulating γ-catenin and β-catenin. In a prospective study, a lower risk of leukemia was observed with aspirin use, which is consistent with numerous studies reporting an inverse association of aspirin with other cancers. Furthermore, a reduction in leukemia risk was associated with use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), where the effects on AML risk was FAB subtype-specific. To better investigate whether NSAID treatment is effective, we used Sulindac Sulfide in X-RARα-positive progenitor cell models. Sulindac Sulfide (SSi) is a derivative of Sulindac, a NSAID known to inactivate Wnt signaling. We found that SSi downregulated both β-catenin and γ-catenin in X-RARα-expressing cells and reversed the leukemic phenotype by reducing stem cell capacity and increasing differentiation potential in X-RARα-positive HSCs. The data presented herein show that SSi inhibits the leukemic cell growth as well as hematopoietic progenitors cells (HPCs) expressing PML/RARα, and it indicates that Sulindac is a valid molecular therapeutic approach that should be further validated using in vivo leukemia models and in clinical settings

Toxin-Based Models to Investigate Demyelination and Remyelination.

Clinical myelin diseases, and our best experimental approximations, are complex entities in which demyelination and remyelination proceed unpredictably and concurrently. These features can make it difficult to identify mechanistic details. Toxin-based models offer lesions with predictable spatiotemporal patterns and relatively discrete phases of damage and repair: a simpler system to study the relevant biology and how this can be manipulated. Here, we discuss the most widely used toxin-based models, with a focus on lysolecithin, ethidium bromide, and cuprizone. This includes an overview of their respective mechanisms, strengths, and limitations and step-by-step protocols for their use

Effect of high-resolution satellite and UAV imagery plot pixel resolution in wheat crop yield prediction

Accurate crop performance assessment and yield prediction in plant breeding programmes can aid decision-making to improve productivity and product quality during crop selection and management. Grain yield is a complex trait, which is a function of the genotype-environment interaction. While using digital remote sensing traits to assess crop performance and predict yield, the characteristics of the sensing tools and approaches can influence prediction performance. In this study, two sensing scales, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a ten-band multispectral camera and high-resolution (~0.31 m) WorldView-3 satellite imagery, were used to monitor spring and winter wheat breeding trails in two growing seasons (2020 and 2021). The breeding plots were planted in three different plot sizes (about 1.5 × 5.0 m, 3.0 × 11.0 m, and 4.5 × 11.0 m in spring wheat, and about 1.5 × 3.0 m, 3.0 × 7.3 m, and 4.5 × 7.3 m in winter wheat), with each having 12 varieties and three replications per variety. The spectral and vegetation indices (VI) were extracted from the datasets, and machine learning models for yield prediction (partial least squares regression, least absolute shrinkage selector operator regression, and random forest regression) were evaluated. With multiscale approaches, a moderate to strong correlation of VI data between high-resolution satellite and UAV data (0.42 ≤ r ≤ 0.99, p r ≤ 0.78) and UAV imagery (5.53 ≤ RMSE% ≤ 17.20; 4.28 ≤ MAE% ≤ 14.20; 0.43 ≤ r ≤ 0.92) were also comparable. These findings inform the applications of high-resolution satellite imagery in breeding programmes, considering that the plot size would influence yield prediction accuracies.</p

Are there seasonal variations of trace element concentrations (Cd, Pb, Zn) in wood of Fagus trees in Germany?

Hagemeyer J, Lülfsmann A, Perk M, Breckle S-W. Are there seasonal variations of trace element concentrations (Cd, Pb, Zn) in wood of Fagus trees in Germany? Vegetatio. 1992;101(1):55-63.Concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn were determined in stem wood of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from 3 sites in northern Germany. Distinct radial distribution patterns of the elements were observed in the xylem. Concentrations of Cd and Pb increased from the youngest, outermost annual rings towards the center of the stem. With Zn intermediate concentrations were observed in the sapwood and higher levels at the center of the stem. Temporal and spatial stability of such distribution patterns in the trunks was investigated. Wood samples taken from the same individual tree in different months of the year were analysed. Marked seasonal variations of mineral concentrations were observed. Also the shape of the distribution patterns of the elements varied with the season. Such variations were larger than those observed with samples taken simultaneously from different sides of the trunk. Furthermore, Pb concentrations in the stem showed variations with height above ground. The results indicate, that radial distribution patterns of Cd, Pb and Zn in xylem rings of beech are not stable. Biomonitoring trace element pollution levels by analysis of beech wood is, thus, questionable. To obtain a reliable historical record of pollution from tree rings, the distribution patterns should be stable over a long period of time. This basic requirement of the dendroanalytical method does not hold for the examined beech. Still, with other tree species and under more favourable conditions the dendroanalytical biomonitoring method may prove valuable