Efficiency of Developing Renewable Energy Market in Russia

The goal of this study is to systematize and provide a quantitative and qualitative assessment of potential positive economic and non-economic effects of the implementation of a new mechanism for supporting renewable energy in Russia. It should result in achieving the national medium-term objective to increase the share of renewable energy in the wholesale electricity and capacity market to 2.5 % by 2024. The introduction examines the mechanism for supporting the generators of renewable energy by capacity charge in the wholesale electricity and capacity market. It is assumed that the main positive effects from implementing this mechanism will be the replacement of hydrocarbon fuels burned for generating the electricity in traditional coal or gas power plants; improvement in the trade balance; multiplier effects from the development of RES in related industrial sectors, new value added and jobs in the sectors producing the generating and auxiliary equipment for generators; reduction of carbon dioxide emissions; decrease in average prices in the wholesale electricity market; reduction of expenditure on environmental activities and measures to protect the health in the territories with traditional power plants; additional scal charges. As a result, the quantification of these effects amounts to 47.77 billion rubles in 2024. The authors rely on the experience of foreign countries, expert estimates, forecasts by the Russian Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Economic Development, research by the Russian Energy Agency, International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, Community for Renewable Energy Policy in the 21st Century (REN21), statistics of Russian Federal State Statistics Service.The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research as part of the project 14–06–00075 “National Economic and Environmental Security: Threats, Effects, and Scenario for Interaction of Economy and Environment.

Cesarean Scar Pregnancy, Incidence, and Recurrence: Five-Year Experience at a Single Tertiary Care Referral Center

(Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132:1285–1295)Cesarean scar pregnancy, in which a gestational sac implants on the site of a previous hysterotomy, is associated with life-threatening complications. Although numerous treatment modalities have been described (expectant management, methotrexate, intrauterine balloon compression, resection, and more), data on optimal treatment modalities, pregnancy outcomes, treatment decisions, and patient counseling are limited. In order to add to the available literature, the authors of the present study described the treatment and follow-up of women with cesarean scar pregnancy at Yale-New Haven Hospital, a tertiary care center, from 2013 to 2018

Molecular modeling of the process of reversible dissolution of the collagen protein under the action of tissue-clearing agents

The interaction of glycerol immersion agent with collagen mimetic peptide ((GPH)9)3 and a fragment of the microfibril 5((GPH)12)3 was studied by the classical molecular dynamics method using the GROMACS software. The change in geometric parameters of collagen α-chains at various concentrations of an aqueous solution of glycerol is analyzed. It is shown that these changes nonlinearly depend on the concentration and are limited to a certain level, which correlates with the experimental data on optical clearing efficiency of human skin. A hypothesis on the cause of the decreased efficiency of optical skin clearing at high immersion agent concentrations is put forward. The molecular mechanism of immersion optical clearing of biological tissues is discussed

Evaluation of the development of the renewable energy markets in Russia

The aim of this study is to systemize and present the quantitative and quality evaluation of the economic and non-economic effects of the implementation of the new mechanism of the support of renewable energy in Russia. It should allow meeting the middle-term goal of 2.5 % of renewables at the Russian wholesale electricity market by 2024. To achieve this aim, in the introduction part of the article, a detailed description of the new mechanism of the support of the renewable energy in Russia is presented. It is based on the payment for energy in the wholesale electricity market. The estimated aggregate positive effect resulting from this mechanism's implementation was expected as follows: a) replacement of non-renewable fossil fuels to renewable energy, b) reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, c) the average prices reduction in the wholesale electricity market, d) reduction of the costs on environmental measures and health protection measures in traditional power generation, e) creating new jobs, f) reduction of fresh water used for cooling in traditional power generation, g) multiplicative effects from the development of renewable energy and etc. The resulting economic effect is estimated at 47.77 billion rubles per year by 2024. The authors relied on expert estimates, forecasts of the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Economic Development, the Russian Energy Agency, the International Energy Agency, the International Agency for Renewable Energy, the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century, the experience of foreign countries, the data of Russian Federal State Statistics Service. © Copyright 2005-2016 Institute of Economics, the Ural branch of the RAS. All rights reserved.Рассмотрен механизм поддержки генераторов возобновляемых источников энергии на основе платы за мощность на оптовом рынке электроэнергии и мощности. Проанализировано замещение органического топлива, сжигаемого при производстве энергии на традиционных электростанциях. Представлены положительные и отрицательные стороны возобновляемых источников энергии.The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, within the project 14-06-00075 A >

In vivo optical clearing of human skin under the effect of aqueous solutions of some monosaccharides

The results of in vivo optical immersion clearing of human skin under the effect of aqueous solutions of some immersion agents (monosaccharides of ribose, glucose and fructose, as well as glycerol, a triatomic alcohol) were obtained with the use of the OCT method. Values of average velocity of scattering coefficient change, obtained through an averaged Ascan of the OCT signal in the region of derma with the depth of 350 to 700 µm, were determined to evaluate the optical clearing efficiency. The velocity of scattering coefficient change and the optical clearing potential value appeared to be well correlated. The complex molecular modeling of a number of immersion clearing agents with a mimetic peptide of collagen (GPH)3, carried out with the use of the methods of classical molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry, allowed to identify correlations between the optical clearing efficiency and such a property as the energy of intermolecular interaction of clearing agents with a collagen peptide fragment