863 research outputs found
One-Dimensional Approximation of Viscous Flows
Attention has been paid to the similarity and duality between the
Gregory-Laflamme instability of black strings and the Rayleigh-Plateau
instability of extended fluids. In this paper, we derive a set of simple
(1+1)-dimensional equations from the Navier-Stokes equations describing thin
flows of (non-relativistic and incompressible) viscous fluids. This
formulation, a generalization of the theory of drop formation by Eggers and his
collaborators, would make it possible to examine the final fate of
Rayleigh-Plateau instability, its dimensional dependence, and possible
self-similar behaviors before and after the drop formation, in the context of
fluid/gravity correspondence.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures; v2: refs & comments adde
Contact line motion for partially wetting fluids
We study the flow close to an advancing contact line in the limit of small
capillary number. To take into account wetting effects, both long and
short-ranged contributions to the disjoining pressure are taken into account.
In front of the contact line, there is a microscopic film corresponding to a
minimum of the interaction potential. We compute the parameters of the contact
line solution relevant to the matching to a macroscopic problem, for example a
spreading droplet. The result closely resembles previous results obtained with
a slip model
Habitat requirements and ecological niche of two cryptic amphipod species at landscape and local scales
Cryptic species are phylogenetically diverged taxa that are morphologically indistinguishable
and may differ in their ecological and behavioral requirements. This may have important implications for
ecosystem services and conservation of biodiversity. We investigated whether two ecologically important
cryptic species of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum (types A and B) are associated with different
habitats. We collected data on their occurrence at both the landscape scale (large watersheds) and at the
local scale (river reach) to compare macro- and microscale environmental parameters associated with their
presence. Analysis of the landscape scale data showed that occurrence of types A and B differ with respect
to watershed and river size and, interestingly, human impact on river ecomorphology. Whereas type B was
mainly found in less forested areas with higher human impact, type A showed the opposite occurrence
pattern. Analyses of the local scale data suggested that habitats occupied by type A were characterized by
larger gravel, larger stones and less macrophytes than habitats occupied by type B. The landscape and local
data set showed contradicting patterns with regard to stream size. Overall, the observed differences between
the two types of G. fossarum most likely reflect ecological differences between them, but alternative
explanations (e.g., historical colonization processes) cannot be completely ruled out. Our study underlines
that common cryptic species can differ in their ecology and response to anthropogenic influence. Such
differences in habitat requirements among difficult-to-identify taxa present a challenge for biodiversity
and ecosystem management. Our results emphasize the importance of conservative and precautionary
approaches in maintenance of habitat diversity and environmental heterogeneity
Air entrainment through free-surface cusps
In many industrial processes, such as pouring a liquid or coating a rotating
cylinder, air bubbles are entrapped inside the liquid. We propose a novel
mechanism for this phenomenon, based on the instability of cusp singularities
that generically form on free surfaces. The air being drawn into the narrow
space inside the cusp destroys its stationary shape when the walls of the cusp
come too close. Instead, a sheet emanates from the cusp's tip, through which
air is entrained. Our analytical theory of this instability is confirmed by
experimental observation and quantitative comparison with numerical simulations
of the flow equations
HySIA: Tool for Simulating and Monitoring Hybrid Automata Based on Interval Analysis
We present HySIA: a reliable runtime verification tool for nonlinear hybrid
automata (HA) and signal temporal logic (STL) properties. HySIA simulates an HA
with interval analysis techniques so that a trajectory is enclosed sharply
within a set of intervals. Then, HySIA computes whether the simulated
trajectory satisfies a given STL property; the computation is performed again
with interval analysis to achieve reliability. Simulation and verification
using HySIA are demonstrated through several example HA and STL formulas.Comment: Appeared in RV'17; the final publication is available at Springe
Hydrodynamic theory of de-wetting
A prototypical problem in the study of wetting phenomena is that of a solid
plunging into or being withdrawn from a liquid bath. In the latter, de-wetting
case, a critical speed exists above which a stationary contact line is no
longer sustainable and a liquid film is being deposited on the solid.
Demonstrating this behavior to be a hydrodynamic instability close to the
contact line, we provide the first theoretical explanation of a classical
prediction due to Derjaguin and Levi: instability occurs when the outer, static
meniscus approaches the shape corresponding to a perfectly wetting fluid
The Two Fluid Drop Snap-off Problem: Experiments and Theory
We address the dynamics of a drop with viscosity breaking up
inside another fluid of viscosity . For , a scaling theory
predicts the time evolution of the drop shape near the point of snap-off which
is in excellent agreement with experiment and previous simulations of Lister
and Stone. We also investigate the dependence of the shape and
breaking rate.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Asymptotic theory for a moving droplet driven by a wettability gradient
An asymptotic theory is developed for a moving drop driven by a wettability
gradient. We distinguish the mesoscale where an exact solution is known for the
properly simplified problem. This solution is matched at both -- the advancing
and the receding side -- to respective solutions of the problem on the
microscale. On the microscale the velocity of movement is used as the small
parameter of an asymptotic expansion. Matching gives the droplet shape,
velocity of movement as a function of the imposed wettability gradient and
droplet volume.Comment: 8 fig
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