The impact of alkali-ion intercalation on redox chemistry and mechanical deformations: Case study on intercalation of Li, Na, and K ions into FePO4 cathode

Batteries made of charge carriers from Earth-crust abundant materials (e.g., Na, K, and Mg) have received extensive attention as an alternative to Li-ion batteries for grid storage. However, a lack of understanding of the behavior of these larger ions in the electrode materials hinders the development of electrode structures suitable for these large ions. In this study, we investigate the impact of alkali ions (Li, Na, and K) on the redox chemistry and mechanical deformations of iron phosphate composite cathodes by using electrochemical techniques and in situ digital image correlation. Na-ion and Li-ion intercalation demonstrate a nearly linear correlation between electrochemical strains and the state of charge and discharge. The strain development shows nonlinear dependance on the state of charge and discharge for K ions. Strain rate calculations show that K ion intercalation results in a progressive increase in the strain rate for all cycles. Li and Na intercalation induce nearly constant strain rates with the exception of the first discharge cycle of Na intercalation. When the same amount of ions are inserted into the electrode, the electrode shows the lowest strain generation upon Li intercalation compared to larger alkali ions. Na and K ions induce similar volumetric changes in the electrode when the state of charge and discharge is around 30%. Although the electrode experiences larger absolute strain generation at the end of the discharge cycles upon Na intercalation, strain rates were found to be greater for K ions. Potential-dependent behaviors also demonstrate more sluggish redox reactions during K intercalation, compared to Li and Na. Our quantitative analysis suggests that the strain rate, rather than the absolute value of strain, is the critical factor in amorphization of the crystalline electrode

Using ahp and topsis to evaluate welding processes for manufacturing plain carbon stainless steel storage tank

Purpose: In the plain carbon stainless steel storage tank manufacturing industry, there are many types of welding processes used. When selecting the most appropriate welding process is usually done intuitively by the manufacturer depending on its own pre-experiences or common applications in similar companies. However, this approach has a shortsighted view since it generally ignores many conflicting criteria effecting the suitable welding process selection. To overcome this problem, this study aims to evaluate important criteria and alternative welding processes by using some of multi-criteria decision-making approaches to come up with better manufacturing decisions. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a combined methodology of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Since both of these techniques require experts’ contributions, a group meeting is held with the experts from academia and industry. Findings: The study identified the important criteria for welding selection process in storage tank manufacturing. With the help of experts in the domain, both weights of decision criteria and ranking of alternative welding processes were determined. Research limitations/implications: Since the techniques used in the study depend on expert’s contribution, the expert knowledge on the welding process is critical. When the expert changes the resulting decision may also change. Therefore, the selection of the expert(s) must be done carefully. Practical implications: The findings of the study are valid for the specific case of the storage tank manufacturing. The study helps manufacturers to understand the framework of welding process selection and make them aware of various techniques (e.g., AHP and TOPSIS). The approach may also be welcomed by other welding applications. Originality/value: The main contribution of the study is mostly on the practical side. To the authors’ best knowledge, this paper is one of few studies investigating the selection of welding process for a plain carbon stainless steel storage tank manufacturing. It may help to increase the attention of researchers on multi-criteria decision-making applications in the welding field. © International OCSCO World Press. All rights reserved. 201

Data for: Electrochemical Strain Evolution in Iron Phosphate Composite Cathodes During Lithium and Sodium Ion Intercalation by Cyclic Voltammetry

Cyclic voltammeter data for Li and Na intercalation into iron phosphat

facilities: MILP modelling and case study investigation

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) consist of many different substances some of which contain hazardous components and valuable materials. The recovery of WEEE plays a key role on environmental sustainability because it minimizes the negative effects of hazardous materials and helps the efficient use of world's limited resources. Recovery strategies enable companies to collect reusable components and to recycle the material content of WEEE by using operations like sorting, disassembly and bulk recycling. Usually companies associated with municipals collect WEEE from end-users and/or collection points. Then they sell these items to WEEE recycling facilities through bidding. For recycling facilities, it is important to generate the best operational level decisions to receive and handle WEEE. This study contributes to the fulfillment of this need by presenting a mixed integer linear programming model to determine the maximum bid price offer while determining the best operation planning strategies. In order to demonstrate the potential of the proposed model, a real life case study along with several scenarios is studied. The findings of the case study indicate that the model has the potential to enable the decision maker to come with stronger decisions related to both bidding process and operational strategies of the facility

disassembly layout configurations using simulation

Recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is crucially important since it handles hazardous waste according to ever tightening laws and regulations and it adds benefits to economy and sustainable environment. Disassembly is one of the most important processes performed during the recovery of WEEE. The overall goal of disassembly is to maximize the retrieval of various metals and plastics contained in WEEE in order to reduce their negative effects on human health and environmental sustainability and to increase economic gains. This study aims to evaluate alternative layout configurations for WEEE disassembly systems (WDS). In this context, various configurations were compared in terms of pre-defined performance criteria, such as the total number of disassembled WEEE and the total revenue from sales, using simulation models. The results of this study show that the performance of a WDS was significantly affected by output transfer systems along with the specialization of operators on certain types of WEEE. (C) Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 201

Data for: Electrochemical Strain Evolution in Iron Phosphate Composite Cathodes During Lithium and Sodium Ion Intercalation by Cyclic Voltammetry

Cyclic voltammeter data for Li and Na intercalation into iron phosphateTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

storage: a generalized optimization model

In this study, a weighted multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (WMO-MILP) model considering both economic and environmental factors is proposed for the optimal sizing of the grid-connected hybrid renewable energy systems without storage (HRES-WS). The proposed model is capable of designing the system including several different types of renewable energy generation units to meet the demands of various consumption points. One of the significant values of the model is that it holistically combines the operational, technical, physical and/or capacity constraints which are rarely considered in an integrated way in the literature. Another contribution of the model is its ability to evaluate the tradeoff between the cost-related and CO2 related conflicting objectives by allocating them various weights resembling the decision-maker's cost-based, environmental-based, or partially cost- and environmental-based priorities. A case study is utilized to demonstrate the value of the model. In order to take into consideration the stochastic nature of the modeling environment, the Monte Carlo simulation is used to predict weather data and load demand based on the historical data. The findings indicate that the combined effect of environmental and cost-related objectives influences the demand to be met by RES at acceptable cost and CO2 emission level. For example, focusing only on the environmental objective, the annual amount of CO2 emission decreases by 14% and the total installed capacity increases by 41%, and therefore the system cost increases by 205% as compared to the base case in which the weight of each objective function is assumed to be equal. The proposed model has the potential to significantly support decision-making process when evaluating a grid-connected HRES-WS both economically and environmentally.C1 [Capraz, Ozan; Sagbas, Aysun] Tekirdag Namik Kemal Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tekirdag, Turkey.[Gungor, Askiner; Mutlu, Ozcan] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Denizli, Turkey

Modelling of WEEE recycling operation planning under uncertainty

Recycling is very important especially for hazardous materials considering their negative impacts on the environment. Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is generally classified under hazardous waste. Determination of process methods and quantities of WEEE to be processed is significantly important since it enables the efficient operation and management of recycling systems. The presence of uncertainty in these systems requires to develop appropriate decision-making tools to deal with uncertain parameters in recycling-operation planning problems. In this study, we propose a linear programming (LP) model for multi-period operation planning for recycling of WEEE considering fuzzy parameters: demand, quantity of WEEE to be processed, operational capacity of resources, amount of output obtained from WEEE and processing times. The model aims to maximize the total profit by determining the best recycling strategies and types, quantity and stocks of WEEE to be recycled during the planning term. The solution method is based on ranking methods of fuzzy numbers through the comparison of their expected intervals. The proposed LP model is illustrated using a case study with experimental analysis. The findings indicated that the nature of fuzzy parameters have critical effect on the total cost and the total revenue at different levels. The results also show that the uncertainty in recycling of WEEE is a crucial factor in developing consistent plans to achieve the economic sustainability of recycling facilities. © 2018 Elsevier Lt