Current Developments in Intraspinal Agents for Cancer and Noncancer Pain

Since the late 1980s, intrathecal (IT) analgesic therapy has improved, and implantable IT drug delivery devices have become increasingly sophisticated. Physicians and patients now have myriad more options for agents and their combination, as well as for refining their delivery. As recently as 2007, The Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference of expert panelists updated its algorithm for drug selection in IT polyanalgesia. We review this algorithm and the emerging therapy included. This article provides an update on newly approved as well as emerging IT agents and the advances in technology for their delivery

Structural aspects of neurotransmitters in the sheep spinal cord

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DX194592 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Citral hydrogenation on high surface area mesoporous TiO2-SiO2 supported Pt nanocomposites: Effect of titanium loading and reduction temperature on the catalytic performances

International audiencePlatinum-based catalysts supported on TiO2-modified mesostructured silica were prepared using the direct co-condensation of silica and titania precursors to synthesize the mixed-oxide support. The physico-chemical properties of the Pt/xTi-SBA15 samples with various xTi contents (in mol%) were further evaluated using several techniques, including elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, N-2-physisorption, H-2-chemisorption, transmission electronic microscopy and the probe reaction of cyclohexane dehydrogenation to evaluate the metal-support interaction (SMSI effect). All the Pt/xTi-SBA15 samples display high specific surface areas (650-820 m(2) g(-1)) and high mesopore volumes (0.44-0.68 cm(3) g(-1)), with the formation of TiO2 anatase nanoparticles since the low titanium content, i.e. 2 mol%. The hexagonal organized pore structure of SBA silica is also strongly altered by the titanium adding, but mixed oxides so obtained present very particular morphology with maintaining of high surface areas

Equilibrium and kinetic studies of methyl orange and Rhodamine B adsorption onto prepared activated carbon based on synthetic and agricultural wastes

The present study is focused on the valorization of a synthetic (tires) and agricultural (date pit) waste using a simple method in order to obtain an interesting activated carbon, which has been compared with commercial coal. Prepared active carbon is characterized by various techniques such as elemental analysis Brunauer, Emmett and Teller, elementary analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Results of characterization of the two prepared carbons with chemical activation show clearly that a temperature of 550°C and particle diameter of 800 μm give interesting proprieties. The specific surface area reached 770 and 1,030 m2g, respectively, for the different active carbons obtained from tires and date pits. The ratio of carbon in the two prepared activated carbons reached 83% and 93%, respectively for the elementary analysis and surface chemical composition, and the analysis by TPD shows the formation of different functional groups (as radicals, carbonyl groups, and aromatic ethylinique). In order to evaluate the efficiency of these adsorbents, we selected an anionic dye (orange methyl) as a pollutant. Kinetic results show that the adsorption equilibrium is reached at around 60 min with an adsorbed amount of 21.42 and 38.83 mg/g for the tire activated carbon (TAC) and the date pits activated carbon (DPAC) , respectively. The different isotherms were well fitting by the Freundlich model

Preparation of activated carbon based on synthetic and agricultural wastes: application to the adsorption of methyl orange

This study focus on the optimization of operating conditions for activated carbons preparation starting from synthetic waste (tires) and agricultural waste (date pits) by chemical activation. The experimental design was used in order to determinate the optimal conditions for the preparation of a precursor with high properties. The results show that a temperature of 550°C and particle diameter of 800 μm are interesting. The specific surface area reached 770 and 1030m2/g respectively for the active carbons obtained from tires and date pits. In order to evaluate the efficiency of these adsorbents, we selected an anionic dye (orange methyl) as a pollutant. Kinetic results show that the adsorption equilibrium is reached at around 60 min with an adsorbed amount of 21.42 mg/ g and 38.83 mg/g for the TAC (Tire Activated Carbon) and the DPAC (Date Pits Activated Carbon) respectively. The different isotherms were well fitting by Freundlich model

Electrochemically induced surface modifications of mesoporous spinels (Co3O4-d, MnCo2O4-d, NiCo2O4-d) as the origin of the OER activity and stability in alkaline medium

International audienc