2,779 research outputs found
Transverse spectral functions and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in XXZ spin chains
Recently much progress has been made in applying field theory methods, first
developed to study X-ray edge singularities, to interacting one dimensional
systems in order to include band curvature effects and study edge singularities
at arbitrary momentum. Finding experimental confirmations of this theory
remains an open challenge. Here we point out that spin chains with uniform
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions provide an opportunity to test these
theories since these interactions may be exactly eliminated by a gauge
transformation which shifts the momentum. However, this requires an extension
of these X-ray edge methods to the transverse spectral function of the xxz spin
chain in a magnetic field, which we provide
HYBRYDOWY, BINARNY ALGORYTM WOA OPARTY NA TRANSMITANCJI STOŻKOWEJ DO PROGNOZOWANIA DEFEKTÓW OPROGRAMOWANIA
Reliability is one of the key factors used to gauge software quality. Software defect prediction (SDP) is one of the most important factors which affects measuring software's reliability. Additionally, the high dimensionality of the features has a direct effect on the accuracy of SDP models. The objective of this paper is to propose a hybrid binary whale optimization algorithm (BWOA) based on taper-shape transfer functions for solving feature selection problems and dimension reduction with a KNN classifier as a new software defect prediction method. In this paper, the values of a real vector that represents the individual encoding have been converted to binary vector by using the four types of Taper-shaped transfer functions to enhance the performance of BWOA to reduce the dimension of the search space. The performance of the suggested method (T-BWOA-KNN) was evaluated using eleven standard software defect prediction datasets from the PROMISE and NASA repositories depending on the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier. Seven evaluation metrics have been used to assess the effectiveness of the suggested method. The experimental results have shown that the performance of T-BWOA-KNN produced promising results compared to other methods including ten methods from the literature, four types of T-BWOA with the KNN classifier. In addition, the obtained results are compared and analyzed with other methods from the literature in terms of the average number of selected features (SF) and accuracy rate (ACC) using the Kendall W test. In this paper, a new hybrid software defect prediction method called T-BWOA-KNN has been proposed which is concerned with the feature selection problem. The experimental results have proved that T-BWOA-KNN produced promising performance compared with other methods for most datasets.Niezawodność jest jednym z kluczowych czynników stosowanych do oceny jakości oprogramowania. Przewidywanie defektów oprogramowania SDP (ang. Software Defect Prediction) jest jednym z najważniejszych czynników wpływających na pomiar niezawodności oprogramowania. Dodatkowo, wysoka wymiarowość cech ma bezpośredni wpływ na dokładność modeli SDP. Celem artykułu jest zaproponowanie hybrydowego algorytmu optymalizacji BWOA (ang. Binary Whale Optimization Algorithm) w oparciu o transmitancję stożkową do rozwiązywania problemów selekcji cech i redukcji wymiarów za pomocą klasyfikatora KNN jako nowej metody przewidywania defektów oprogramowania. W artykule, wartości wektora rzeczywistego, reprezentującego indywidualne kodowanie zostały przekonwertowane na wektor binarny przy użyciu czterech typów funkcji transferu w kształcie stożka w celu zwiększenia wydajności BWOA i zmniejszenia wymiaru przestrzeni poszukiwań. Wydajność sugerowanej metody (T-BWOA-KNN) oceniano przy użyciu jedenastu standardowych zestawów danych do przewidywania defektów oprogramowania z repozytoriów PROMISE i NASA w zależności od klasyfikatora KNN. Do oceny skuteczności sugerowanej metody wykorzystano siedem wskaźników ewaluacyjnych. Wyniki eksperymentów wykazały, że działanie rozwiązania T-BWOA-KNN pozwoliło uzyskać obiecujące wyniki w porównaniu z innymi metodami, w tym dziesięcioma metodami na podstawie literatury, czterema typami T-BWOA z klasyfikatorem KNN. Dodatkowo, otrzymane wyniki zostały porównane i przeanalizowane innymi metodami z literatury pod kątem średniej liczby wybranych cech (SF) i współczynnika dokładności (ACC), z wykorzystaniem testu W. Kendalla. W pracy, zaproponowano nową hybrydową metodę przewidywania defektów oprogramowania, nazwaną T-BWOA-KNN, która dotyczy problemu wyboru cech. Wyniki eksperymentów wykazały, że w przypadku większości zbiorów danych T-BWOA-KNN uzyskała obiecującą wydajność w porównaniu z innymi metodami
Gravity of higher-dimensional global defects
Solutions of Einstein's equations are found for global defects in a
higher-dimensional spacetime with a nonzero cosmological constant Lambda. The
defect has a (p-1)-dimensional core (brane) and a `hedgehog' scalar field
configuration in the n extra dimensions. For Lambda = 0 and n > 2, the
solutions are characterized by a flat brane worldsheet and a solid angle
deficit in the extra dimensions. For Lambda > 0, one class of solutions
describes spherical branes in an inflating higher-dimensional universe.
Instantons obtained by a Euclidean continuation of such solutions describe
quantum nucleation of the entire inflating brane-world, or of a spherical brane
in an inflating higher-dimensional universe. For Lambda < 0, one class of
solutions exhibits an exponential warp factor. It is similar to spacetimes
previously discussed by Randall and Sundrum for n = 1 and by Gregory for n = 2.Comment: 18 pages, no figures, uses revte
Seiberg-Witten Description of the Deconstructed 6D (0,2) Theory
It has recently been suggested that, in a large N limit, a particular four
dimensional gauge theory is indistinguishable from the six dimensional CFT with
(0,2) supersymmetry compactified on a torus. We give further evidence for this
correspondence by studying the Seiberg-Witten curve for the "deconstructed"
theory and demonstrating that along the reduced Coulomb branch of moduli space
(on the intersection of the Higgs and Coulomb branches) it describes the low
energy physics on a stack of M5-branes on a torus, which is the (0,2) theory on
a torus as claimed. The M-theory construction helps to clarify the enhancement
of supersymmetry in the deconstructed theory at low energies, and demonstrates
its stability to radiative and instanton corrections. We demonstrate the role
of the theta vacuum in the deconstructed theory. We point out that by varying
the theta parameters and gauge couplings in the deconstructed theory, the
complex structure of the torus can be chosen arbitrarily, and the torus is not
metrically S^1 x S^1 in general.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Relic Neutrinos and Z-Resonance Mechanism for Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays
The origin of the highest-energy cosmic rays remains elusive. The decay of a
superheavy particle (X) into an ultra-energetic neutrino which scatters from a
relic (anti-)neutrino at the Z-resonance has attractive features. Given the
necessary X mass of GeV, the required lifetime,
y, renders model-building a serious challenge but three logical possibilities
are considered: (i) X is a Higgs scalar in SU(15) belonging to high-rank
representation, leading to {\it power}-enhanced lifetime; (ii) a global X
quantum number has {\it exponentially}-suppressed symmetry-breaking by
instantons; and (iii) with additional space dimension(s) localisation of X
within the real-world brane leads to {\it gaussian} decay suppression, the most
efficient of the suppression mechanisms considered.Comment: 10 page LaTeX and one postscript figure. References adde
On the Extra Mode and Inconsistency of Horava Gravity
We address the consistency of Horava's proposal for a theory of quantum
gravity from the low-energy perspective. We uncover the additional scalar
degree of freedom arising from the explicit breaking of the general covariance
and study its properties. The analysis is performed both in the original
formulation of the theory and in the Stueckelberg picture. A peculiarity of the
new mode is that it satisfies an equation of motion that is of first order in
time derivatives. At linear level the mode is manifest only around spatially
inhomogeneous and time-dependent backgrounds. We find two serious problems
associated with this mode. First, the mode develops very fast exponential
instabilities at short distances. Second, it becomes strongly coupled at an
extremely low cutoff scale. We also discuss the "projectable" version of
Horava's proposal and argue that this version can be understood as a certain
limit of the ghost condensate model. The theory is still problematic since the
additional field generically forms caustics and, again, has a very low strong
coupling scale. We clarify some subtleties that arise in the application of the
Stueckelberg formalism to Horava's model due to its non-relativistic nature.Comment: Discussion expanded; a figure added; accepted to JHE
Constraints on Conformal Windows from Holographic Duals
We analyze a beta function with the analytic form of
Novikov-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov result in the five dimensional
gravity-dilaton environment. We show how dilaton inherits poles and fixed
points of such beta function through the zeros and points of extremum in its
potential. Super Yang-Mills and supersymmetric QCD are studied in detail and
Seiberg's electric-magnetic duality in the dilaton potential is explicitly
demonstrated. Non-supersymmetric proposals of similar functional form are
tested and new insights into the conformal window as well as determinations of
scheme-independent value of the anomalous dimension at the fixed point are
presented.Comment: Fig. 5b is corrected to match the discussion in the tex
Quantum Deconstruction of 5D SQCD
We deconstruct the fifth dimension of 5D SCQD with general numbers of colors
and flavors and general 5D Chern-Simons level; the latter is adjusted by adding
extra quarks to the 4D quiver. We use deconstruction as a non-stringy UV
completion of the quantum 5D theory; to prove its usefulness, we compute
quantum corrections to the SQCD_5 prepotential. We also explore the
moduli/parameter space of the deconstructed SQCD_5 and show that for |K_CS| <
N_F/2 it continues to negative values of 1/(g_5)^2. In many cases there are
flop transitions connecting SQCD_5 to exotic 5D theories such as E0, and we
present several examples of such transitions. We compare deconstruction to
brane-web engineering of the same SQCD_5 and show that the phase diagram is the
same in both cases; indeed, the two UV completions are in the same universality
class, although they are not dual to each other. Hence, the phase structure of
an SQCD_5 (and presumably any other 5D gauge theory) is inherently
five-dimensional and does not depends on a UV completion.Comment: LaTeX+PStricks, 108 pages, 41 colored figures. Please print in colo
Majorana Neutrino, the Size of Extra Dimensions, and Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
The problem of Majorana neutrino mass generated in
Arkani-Hamed--Dimopoulos-Dvali model with n extra spatial dimensions is
discussed. Taking into account constraints on neutrino masses coming from
cosmological observations, it is possible to obtain lower limits on the size of
extra dimensions as large as 10^{-6} mm. In the case of n=4 it is easy to lower
the fundamental scale of gravity from the Planck energy to electroweak scale
\~TeV without imposing any additional constraints. A link between the half-life
of neutrinoless double beta decay and the size of extra dimensions is
discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, using RevTEX. Units conversion correcte
(De)constructing Intersecting M5-branes
We describe intersecting M5-branes, as well as M5-branes wrapping the
holomorphic curve xy=c, in terms of a limit of a defect conformal field theory
with two-dimensional (4,0) supersymmetry. This dCFT describes the low-energy
theory of intersecting D3-branes at a C^2/Z_k orbifold. In an appropriate k ->
infinity limit, two compact spatial directions are generated. By identifying
moduli of the M5-M5 intersection in terms of those of the dCFT, we argue that
the SU(2)_L R-symmetry of the (4,0) defect CFT matches the SU(2) R-symmetry of
the N =2, d=4 theory of the M5-M5 intersection. We find a 't Hooft anomaly in
the SU(2)_L R-symmetry, suggesting that tensionless strings give rise to an
anomaly in the SU(2) R-symmetry of intersecting M5-branes.Comment: latex, 25 pages, 4 figure
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